Nor Zaihar Yahaya

Two diode model for parameters extraction of PV module

This paper introduces an improved two-diode model of photovoltaic (PV) module. The main influence of this work is the combination of the accuracy of the two diode model and the short computational time of the single diode model. The proposed model is validated against various types of PV modules (mono-crystalline, multi-crystalline, and thin-film) from a variety of manufacturers. The model performance is evaluated against the famous single diode model and the two diode model. The model proves its superiority when exposed to variation in temperature, as it matches accurately for all important points of the I-V curve.

Matlab/Simulink model of solar PV array with perturb and observe MPPT for maximising PV array efficiency

The efficiency of commercially available solar PV module is very low in the range of 10-25 % In order to maximise their operating efficiency and to reduce installation cost, maximum power point trackers (MPPT) are coupled with the system. The output power of solar PV depends on solar irradiance level, incident angle, temperature and load current which all contribute to non-linear varying I-V characteristic during operation. MPPT ensures that a PV cell, module or panel is operated and maintained at the reference voltage that correspond to maximum power point for particular operating solar irradiance and cell temperature. A 220 W solar PV panel is modelled in Matlab-Simulink to study solar PV characteristics under different solar irradiance and working cell temperature. A Perturb & Observation MPPT technique incorporated for maximising the output power of the PV panel shows that the percentage deviation from the ideal PV power is about 10 % for different operating solar irradiance and cell temperature.

Design and Analysis of a Digital Controller for Boost Converter with Renewable Energy Sources for Domestic DC Load

Renewable energy sources like solar PV produces DC voltage which is converted to AC before connecting to domestic grid network. The conversion process from DC to AC and back to DC at load end introduce additional losses in the system. With increasing availability of modern DC loads and growing use of renewable energy, the use of DC network for domestic load supply is on increase in order to reduce energy conversion losses. Presented in this paper is a fast transient digital controller for DC-DC boost converter with energy source from solar PV for domestic DC loads like lightings. The boost converter was model as both steady and dynamic state. Digital controllers were designed using both digital redesign approach and direct digital redesign approach. The system demonstrated fast transient response that is essential for tightly regulated output voltage from constantly varying renewable energy generations.

Modeling and Simulation of Power Electronic Distribution Transformer Based on a Three Level Converter

In this paper, a new type of power electronic distribution transformer (PET) has been introduced based on the power electronics converter on the primary and secondary sides of the transformer. This PET has three stages and the input stage has a three-level, three-phase rectifier. The middle stage has two three-level single-phase converters and a high-frequency transformer; and, the output stage is a three-phase, two-level inverter. This power electronic distribution transformer provides many advantages, such as power factor improvement, reactive power compensation, eliminating harmonics, and controlling and protecting itself (PET) with minimum size, compared to the traditional transformer. The MATLAB/Simulink was used to analyze and validate the power electronic distribution transformer.

Multi-input DC-DC converter for hybrid renewable energy generation system

This paper proposes a development of a Multi-input DC-DC Converter (MIDC) for Hybrid Renewable Energy Generation System (HREGS). The aim is to reduce the number of power converter and cost. The proposed MIDC consists of a DC-DC converter and a single phase full bridge DC-AC inverter. The renewable energy (RE) sources such as photovoltaic (PV) array, wind turbine (WT), hydrogen fuel cell (HFC) and battery bank (BT) are selected as the input power sources to the system. The Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) is also used to operate PV array and WT sources at its maximum power by using the simple Perturbation and Observation (P&O) algorithm. The optimum power of HFC is controlled by Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC). The proposed MIDC has been simulated by NI Multisim 12.0 software and its operations discussed thoroughly.

Wideband Low Noise Amplifier Design for 2.3–2.4 GHz WiMAX Application

This paper describes the design of a low noise amplifier using negative feedback topology for WiMAX 2.3–2.4 GHz base station application. The negative topology employs an enhancement mode feedback inductor and advanced GaAs PHEMT transistor which yields excellent performance on the critical RF parameters such as noise, gain and linearity. By using the negative feedback topology the design is compact and uses fewer components compared to other state-of-art wideband low noise amplifier designs. The low noise amplifier has been designed on a Rogers 4003C substrate PCB and produced a gain of 12 dB, noise less than 0.7 dB and IIP3 greater than 13 dBm. The design is also matched at both input and output for 50 Ω and proven to be unconditionally stable across the frequency range.

Performance analysis of Fixed Duty Ratio and Adaptive Gate Drive in high frequency gate driver design

The performance analysis of the Fixed Duty Ratio (FDR) and Adaptive Gate Drive (AGD) in high frequency gate driver design is analyzed in this paper. FDR is well known for its simplicity. The limitation of this control scheme requires a longer delay time before the next switching can be executed. As for AGD, the delay adjustment can be controlled for different MOSFET. However, it is hard to detect whether the MOSFET channel is fully turned off before the adaptive delay can be applied. Simulation using the Pspice circuit simulator is carried out to analyze the performances of both control methods on the proposed synchronous buck rectifier converter (SRBC) circuit. The findings show the analysis in converter performance, advantages and limitations of the methods. It is found that even though AGD is known to be better in reducing dead time, using accurate settings of FDR scheme may also introduce significant positive advantage to the converter.

Load effects analysis of Synchronous Rectifier Buck Converter using fixed PWM Technique

The analysis of loading effects on Synchronous Rectifier Buck Converter (SRBC) performance using fixed Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) technique is presented in this paper. The main objective of this paper is to analyze the effects of load variations on switching loss, conduction loss and body-diode conduction loss in SRBC circuit. There are three load conditions: critical load, light load and heavy load where PWM is commonly preferred from mid to heavy loads. The simulation analysis is carried out to determine the optimized load value for the best performance of the converter. It is found that towards heavy loads the switching loss decreases thus eventually improves the switching power loss savings.

Single phase inverter with wide-input voltage range for solar photovoltaic application

Solar energy is considered as fastest growing renewable energy source after wind energy for electricity generation. Solar energy is a free, clean abundant sun energy considered as inexhaustible source for electricity generation. Solar photovoltaic system is characterised with variable output power due to its operation dependency on solar irradiance and cell temperature. To maximize the energy generation potential of solar PV, research effort is focused on solar cell manufacturing technology to increase its generation efficiency and exploring advancement in power electronic devices for small and large scale deployment. Presented in this paper is a single phase inverter with no transformer for solar PV application. A closed loop DC-DC boost converter that accepts wide input DC voltage from 40 V - 60 V to produce constant 330 V DC voltage is modelled in Matlab/Simulink. An H-bridge 2-level inverter was used to convert the DC voltage to chopped AC voltage which was then filtered to give pure sinusoidal AC of 230 V RMS. The output voltage of the inverter has a very low total harmonic distortion of less than 1 % which makes the system suitable for local AC load and grid connection.

Two-diode model for parameters extraction of photovoltaic module under temperature variation

This paper study the effect of redistributing the series resistance in the two-diode model of the PV module according to its physical components, considering the relation of each component to temperature variation. The proposed model divide the series resistance into two materials: metal and semiconductor, constructing the mathematical model for the overall model. The model is found to improve the accuracy in calculating the maximum power point with temperature variation, which contribute to the job of PV power converter designers and circuit simulator developers.