Norberto Toazza Duda

Prevalence of renal artery stenosis in 1,656 patients who have undergone cardiac catheterization

OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence of renal artery stenosis (RAS) in patients who have undergone cineangiocoronariography. METHODS Prospective study of cineangiocoronariography and aortography examinations conducted between January 2002 and February 2004 on 1,656 hypertensive and normotensive patients who underwent the examinations to confirm the diagnosis of obstructive coronary artery disease or valve disease. RESULTS The average age of the 1,656 patients was 61.6 +/- 11.8 years. Eight hundred and ninety-one (53.8%) were male, 169 (10.2%) were diabetic and 1,054 (63.8%) presented obstructive coronary artery disease. Renal stenosis greater than 50% was observed in 228 (13.8%) patients, and 25 (1.5%) had bilateral stenosis. Obstructive coronary artery disease was defined as stenosis greater than or equal to 50% of the vessel lumen, in one, two or three main arteries, classified as single, double or triple vessels, respectively. Quantification was conducted using visual analysis of the angiography. Comparison of the groups with and without renal artery obstruction > or = 50%, revealed significant statistical differences in relation to gender, age, diabetes mellitus, blood pressure and left ventricular function. However, no statistical difference was noted in relation to the occurrence of coronary artery obstructions > or = 50%. Nevertheless, renal artery obstructions > or = 70%, revealed significant differences in relation to blood pressure, coronary artery obstructions > or = 50% and left ventricular function, which were all higher in the renal artery obstruction group. CONCLUSION The prevalence of RAS found in our study was comparable to that reported by major medical literature case studies. RAS is associated with systemic hypertension (SH), end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and its sequelae, emphasizing how important it is that we are aware of possible candidates for angiographic diagnosis of this disease.

Percutaneous balloon aortic valvuloplasty in a pregnant adolescent

We report the case of a 16-year-old pregnant patient with severe aortic stenosis and pulmonary congestion clinically uncontrolled, in whom percutaneous balloon aortic valvuloplasty was used as the first choice of treatment in an emergency procedure. The clinical findings, pathophysiology, diagnostic features, and indications for percutaneous treatment are reported. Severe congenital aortic stenosis is rare in children and young individuals. Bicuspid aortic valve occurs in 3% to 6% of patients with congenital heart disease; when associated with commissural fusion, significant stenosis may be present in childhood. The association of severe congenital aortic stenosis and pregnancy is difficult to control clinically, carrying a high risk of maternal and fetal mortality, mainly when manifested with symptoms of pulmonary congestion 1,2.

Tratamento percutâneo multivaso da Arterite de Takayasu

We report the case of a female patient with obstructive lesions in the right and left carotid, right renal, left subclavian and left common iliac arteries which were percutaneously treated.

Stents farmacológicos liberadores de Everolimus XienceTM V no tratamento de pacientes com lesões coronárias complexas na prática diária: resultados iniciais do registro brasileiro BRAVO

BACKGROUND: The XienceTM V everolimus-eluting stent (Abbott Vascular, Santa Clara, USA), a second-generation drug-eluting stent (DES) has demonstrated sustained efficacy and safety in the treatment of selected patients with coronary lesions. However, the impact of the XienceTM V stent in populations from daily clinical practice with complex lesions has not yet been fully determined. METHODS: The BRAVO Registry was a prospective, non-randomized, multicenter study that evaluated the late clinical outcomes of minimally selected patients treated with XienceTM V DES in the Brazilian daily clinical practice. Overall, 535 patients were included in 25 clinical sites between September/2008 and September/2010. Major adverse cardiac events (MACE) were defined as cardiac death, acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and target vessel revascularization (TVR). RESULTS: Mean age was 62.7 + 11.1 years, 40% had diabetes, 24.9% had a previous AMI and 41.9% presented with acute coronary syndrome. About two thirds of the patients had type B2/C lesions and 46.1% treated the left anterior descending artery. Multiple stenting procedures were performed in 13.8% of cases and angiographic success was > 99%. During hospitalization, periprocedural AMI rate was 1.9%. At the 6-month follow-up, cumulative rates of cardiac death, AMI and TVR were 1.1%, 2.2% and 1.3%, respectively (MACE rate: 4.3%). There were 4 cases of stent thrombosis (defined according to the Academic Research Consortium ARC) reported within 6 months, representing an event rate of 0.75% (0.4% definite/probable). CONCLUSIONS: In this Registry including complex patients and lesions treated at multiple sites in Brazil, the XienceTM V second generation DES demonstrated excellent immediate results and sustained clinical efficacy and safety at mid-term follow-up (6 months). Long-term results are expected.

Implante de endoprótese para tratamento de úlcera penetrante de aorta

Penetrating aortic atherosclerotic ulcer is an underdiagnosed condition that presents high rates of morbidity and mortality. We report two cases of patients with severe chest pain, with no ischemic features, who underwent chest angiotomography and showed an ulceration of the aortic wall, with contrast penetration into the middle layer. Due to the failure of the medical treatment, the patients underwent percutaneous aortic stent implantation with complete resolution of symptoms.

Prevalência de estenose da artéria subclávia em pacientes candidatos a cirurgia de revascularização do miocárdio: registro multicêntrico

BACKGROUND: Approximately 90% of the patients submitted to coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) receive a left internal thoracic artery (LITA) graft. Stenosis of the left subclavian artery can result in graft failure due to restricted coronary flow. The prevalence of stenosis of the left subclavian artery in patients with severe coronary atherosclerosis, deemed candidates to CABG, is not known. OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence of stenosis of left subclavian artery in CABG candidates, as well as the diagnostic effectiveness of clinical evaluation. METHODS: In a multicenter registry, selective angiography of the left subclavian artery was carried out in patients considered candidates to CABG during coronary cineangiography. Stenoses > 50% proximal to the origin of the LITA were considered significant. RESULTS: A total of 205 patients were included. Significant stenosis of the left subclavian artery was observed in 16 (7.8%) patients. Noninvasive differential arterial blood pressure measurement > 10 mmHg between both arms showed low sensitivity (37.5%) and low positive predictive value (13.3%) for stenosis identification. No clinical predictors of significant stenosis were identified by univariate analysis. CONCLUSION: Stenosis of the left subclavian artery is not uncommon in CABG candidates. Noninvasive blood pressure gradient between both arms has low diagnostic accuracy. Therefore, in patients candidates to CABG, selective angiography of the left subclavian artery should be considered, because of the risk of reduced flow and coronary-subclavian steal syndrome in patients with non-diagnosed stenosis of the subclavian artery who receive a LITA graft.

Indicações e resultados das intervenções percutâneas em artérias carótidas

SUMMARYIndication and Results of PercutaneousInterventions in Carotid Arteries In this article, the authors discuss the epidemiological impor-tance of carotid occlusive disease, highlighting the clinicalpresentation and the main methods for its diagnosis, bothinvasive and non-invasive. Additionally, the authors discussthe chief studies available in the literature, comparing theresults of carotid endarterectomy to percutaneous interventions. DESCRIPTORS: Carotid stenosis, terapy. Carotid stenosis,surgery. Endarterectomy, carotid. Carotid artery diseases. RESUMO Neste artigo, os autores discutem a importância epidemiologicada doenca oclusiva das arterias carotidas, destacando aapresentacao clinica e os principais metodos para o seudiagnostico, invasivos ou nao. Alem disso, discutem osprincipais estudos disponiveis na literatura comparando osresultados da endarterectomia carotidea aos das intervencoespercutâneas. DESCRITORES: Estenose das carotidas, terapia. Estenosedas carotidas, cirurgia. Endarterectomia das carotidas. Doen-cas das arterias carotidas.

Calcified aneurysms in coronary arteries of a 48-year-old patient

This is a case report of a 48-year-old female patient with a compatible history of Kawasaki disease during childhood, who was admitted to the emergency coronary unit with unstable angina pectoris. Coronary angiography identified two coronary aneurysms, one causing right coronary occlusion and the other causing severe obstruction of the left anterior descending coronary artery. Coronary artery bypass surgery was indicated.

Endoprosthesis Implantation at the Entry Pathway of the Right Atrium Monitored by Intracardiac Ultrasound

Obstructions of the upper venous system may be due to spontaneous thrombosis or the presence of hemodialysis or chemotherapy catheters, or even the presence of extrinsic compression due to intra-thoracic tumors. The use of endoprosthesis for the treatment of these obstructions has become common practice, and its indications include situations of risk for pulmonary embolism, superior vena cava syndrome, and loss of vascular access. Within this context, the use of intracardiac ultrasound may be useful in evaluating the extension and severity of the obstructive lesion, besides providing important information about the mural and intraluminal morphology of the venous system. The authors report the case of a patient with superior vena cava syndrome caused by thrombosis at the entry pathway of the right atrium, besides discussing the subject by means of literature review.