Norman J. Glickman

The Location of Foreign Direct Investment in the United States: Patterns and Determinants

The internationalization of the U.S. economy over the past fifteen years has had a discernible impact on regional development. This paper is an analysis of the regional effects of inward foreign direct investment, a particularly dynamic component of the internationalization process. Foreign direct investment dispersed over time, with the locations of foreign operations becoming more like those of U.S. firms. Regression results demonstrate that the location of foreign-owned property, plant, and equipment can be explained by variables representing: energy costs, infrastructure/transportation, and labor climate.

More than bricks and sticks: Five components of community development corporation capacity

Abstract Community development researchers, practitioners, and funders have recently begun to emphasize the need for community development corporations (CDCs) to build capacity. However, the practice of using the term capacity without carefully defining it allows for a wide range of meanings to be assigned to the term and hinders efforts to study and measure it. Capacity is often defined narrowly in terms of housing production, oversimplifying a complex concept and process. To remedy this shortcoming, we create a framework that views capacity more broadly by dividing it into five components: resource, organizational, programmatic, network, and political. We believe that this more concrete way of thinking about capacity will be particularly useful to practitioners, funders, and policy makers. We apply our definitions to CDCs, particularly those that work with local intermediaries called community development partnerships (CDPs), in order to better understand the role of CDPs in the process of building capa...

Econometric model-building at regional level

Abstract The increasing importance of macroeconometric models in regional economic analysis is discussed. Conceptual and estimation problems are outlined and a prototype regional model is summarized. After a short history of such models, the specification of typical models and their testing is presented and the structure of an estimated model for Philadelphia is given. Applications of regional econometric models to forecasting, impact analysis and policy study are presented. The prospects for regional model building are contained in the final part of the paper.

Working together: Building capacity for community development

Abstract Community development partnerships (CDPs)—local intermediaries that gather support from foundations, corporations, and the public sector—are giving increased attention to building the capacity of community development corporations (CDCs). This article evaluates CDPs’ efforts to help nonprofit CDCs increase their capacity to revitalize low‐income communities. We identified five types of capacity and conducted interviews and focus groups with CDPs and CDCs across the nation. The nature of capacity and capacity building among CDCs, the ways partnerships help increase CDC capacity, what the partnerships and CDCs learn from each other, and how they could better gauge the effectiveness of capacity‐building support were discussed. We learned that CDCs and CDPs have forged an effective alliance and continue to work together: Community organizations require help in building capacity, and local partnerships provide the requisite funding, technical assistance, and other elements to help them grow and serve their neighborhoods.

CAN COMMUNITY AND EDUCATION ORGANIZING IMPROVE INNER-CITY SCHOOLS?

ABSTRACT: Traditional community organizing processes and tactics are being applied throughout American cities in order to transform inner-city public schools. This paper utilizes a theory of change to demonstrate how the growing “education organizing” movement seeks to improve both schools and communities by focusing on problem issues, cultivating social capital, developing indigenous leaders, building power, and demanding greater public accountability. We apply a series of indicators to highlight both community and school outcomes achieved by a variety of groups to date, with a case study of several local affiliates of the national Industrial Areas Foundation. Specifically, we find that education organizing has made a qualitative difference in the lives of students, parents, teachers, and school administrators; this process has turned former adversaries into allies for change. However, certain school outcomes, such as increased student achievement, and advancements in curriculum and instruction, are lagging behind expectations. Overall, education organizing achievements stand out significantly against the backdrop of urban disinvestment, poverty, and segregation. Importantly, while education organizing flows from overall community organizing, successes in schooling help overall community development efforts.

A Top 10 List of Things To Know About American Cities

Strong job growth, a vigorous bull market, and other indicators are taken by many as evidence that the Nation is healthy and well positioned for the next century. Yet in recent decades income inequality has widened, poverty rates have remained high even during economic expansions, and disparities between cities and suburbs have grown more pronounced than ever before. In this article we draw on the Center for Urban Policy Research State of the Nations Cities database to document 10 prominent changes affecting large cities in the past 30 years. We show how the technological change, globalization, demographic trends, and selective flows of people, jobs, and wealth have magnified inequality at the regional, metropolitan, and neighborhood levels. Particularly for older industrial cities, the processes driving national growth continue to reinforce inequalities in opportunity for individuals and communities.

A note on simultaneous equation estimation techniques applications with a regional econometric model

Abstract A large-scale regional econometric model is estimated using six estimation techniques, including Iterated Instrumental Variables and Iterated Two-Stage Least-Squares. Following estimation the model is simulated and a seventh technique called PANGLOSS is derived. The seven techniques are then compared in ex post and ex ante tests.

Modeling the urban land market: The case of Japan☆

Abstract Two sets of negative exponential functions, one for urban residential density and the second for land price, are estimated. The parameters of these functions are then employed in an econometric model of land use and urban form in 71 Japanese cities. Several variables are determined, including average land price, gross population density, housing size, and population.

Foreign Investment and American Jobs

Across this country, foreign companies have been acquiring existing businesses and starting new ones. Between 1980 and 1987, multinational corporations like Mitsubishi, Seagrams, Siemens, and Philips have quadrupled their ownership of American industry. They make everything from cars to clothing and sell everything from insurance to zippers. They refine oil, operate vineyards, lend money, and write advertising copy. Carnation, Mack Trucks, Brooks Brothers, Smith and Wesson, Ms. magazine, and Pillsbury are familiar “American” brand names owned by foreign investors. Foreigners have cut huge real estate deals and now own such major buildings as the ABC Building and ARCO Plaza. Ted Bates (advertising), CS First Boston (finance), Bloomingdales (clothing), and Hardees (food retailing) are examples of foreign-owned firms in the fast-growing service sector. The list is long, the industries diverse. Moreover, with this wave of investment carries new management practices, labor relations, and technology. Not only do foreign firms control more of the American economy, but they have become actively involved in politics, culture, philanthropy, and other aspects of community life.

Impact Analysis with Regional Econometric Models

The purpose of this paper is to set out the uses of regional econometric models for economic impact analysis. By impact analysis, I mean the problem of analyzing and forecasting the ramifications of exogenous shocks to regional economic systems. Such shocks might come from changes in ex-regional economic policy (such as stimulative or deflationary fiscal or monetary policy), more specific ex-regional spending decisions (changes in federal government spending, such as the closing of a defense facility), and other related types of phenomena. Through the use of regional econometric models, analysts can capture the direct and indirect effects on regions. For further treatment of this subject, see Klein and Glickman (1977), Glickman (1974), and L’Esperance (1976).