Norsida Man

Evaluation of Target Area Concentration (TAC) Programme in Malaysia’s Integrated Cattle and Oil Palm Farming

Malaysia’s beef production falls under three types of production methods: traditional system, intensive system of cattle feedlots, and integrated farming system. The objective of this study is to investigate and evaluate the effectiveness of the target area concentration (TAC) programme conducted by the Department of Veterinary Services (DVS) that focuses on the integrated farming system between cattle and oil palm plantation. This study intends to identify the programme’s achievement through context, input, process, and product (CIPP) analysis. The analysis reveals that the real needs of the programme context are being met by TAC; the provision meets the needs of inputs but there are some constraints; the implementation of the TAC programme is running well and receives good cooperation from farmers, but there are some constraints; and there is a positive impact of the programme in terms of production, income, employment, changes in knowledge, skill, attitude, and practice. Overall, the TAC programme has thus far achieved its objectives, but it needs some improvements.

Training Requirements of Agricultural Extension Officers Using Borich Needs Assessment Model

ABSTRACT This study is based on the opinions of selected Iraqi extension workers, regarding the type and amount of training they need, given their experience in the field. The Borich Needs Assessment Model was used for measuring training needs. The data were collected through questionnaires given to 300 respondents (agricultural workers) from January 15, 2016 to March 20, 2016. The results show that crop-planting courses have the greatest benefit. The greatest training need is skill and knowledge of teaching methods, while a moderately needed skill is the use of computer and information and communication technologies (ICT); management skills are the least needed training.

Training needs of agricultural extension agents using Borich needs assessment model

The objective of this study is to examine the training needs of agricultural extension workers in various provinces of Iraq. Validate them and develop a method of identification of training needs for agricultural extension agents. The data collected were analyzed by determination of the mean of the responses from the respondents and one-way of Variance (ANOVA). Using Borich need Assessment model for training needs, the questionnaire survey was adopted for a population of 300 professionals in clients, consultants, and contracting organizations. The majority of respondents were in all kinds of training needs were above the value of 3 meaning that all of them were strongly needed, the highest needed training was on the name of method with mean value 3.74, the moderate needed training was on use computer and ICT with mean = 3.26 and the lowest needed training was on the management with mean =3.15. The study revealed that the majority of respondents in the first categories in the age from 31 to 40 years 37.32%, experience from one to five years 40.94%, the number of training courses from 1 to 5 courses 39.86%, for the education level had a bachelor degree 71.74%, origin from the urban 80.80%, and attended training 81.16%, marital status 73.19%, the gender a male 63.77%, and specialization from agriculture department 71.38%. The results shows significant relationship with provinces, marital status, location of work, training, and the number of training courses. The Extension Agents agreed that they needed training in studies areas of their agriculture.

Factors That Influence the Implementation of Postharvest Handling Practices Among Fresh Vegetable Producers in Selected States in Malaysia

This article examines the factors that influence the implementation of postharvest handling practices among fresh vegetable producers in selected states in Malaysia. The primary data were collected through a survey using a questionnaire with the total of 121 fresh vegetable producers. The study was conducted at Kedah, Pahang, Kelantan, and Selangor. The study utilizes the stratified sampling method. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. Factor analysis was carried out to identify the factors that influence the fresh vegetable producers to implement postharvest handling practices on their fresh produce. Based on the analysis, 6 factors were identified, namely, infrastructure, market availability, resources, government policy, knowledge, and attitude. The practice of postharvest handling on fresh produce can create value added to the product as well as increase the income of producers and enhance farm productivity.

Evaluation of ICTs access, use and preferences for livelihood resilience: results from a survey of Malaysian fisher folks

ABSTRACT Purpose: This paper examined access, use and preferences of Information Communication Technologies (ICTs) for weather and flood risk communication towards livelihood resilience (LR) of agricultural communities. Methodology: Cross-sectional data were randomly collected from 362 fishers in east-coast Malaysia and analysed using descriptive statistics. Findings: Communication ICTs accessed are radio, television, mobile phone and social media, while fishing-based ICTs are sonar system, GPRS, echo sounder and wireless. Majority of the fisher folks uses mobile phones and social media for both weather, flood risk communication and advisory services. Preferred ICTs for advisory services are mobile phones, followed by television, while for weather and flood risks, television and social media are the most preferred. Practical Implication: Increased innovative ICTs use, especially the preferred ICTs identified can prove more effective and helpful in achieving governments’ and regional priorities of creating more flood awareness and inciting flood risks perception, hence adaptation action for LR. Theoretical Implication: This research highlights the important role ICTs plays in building LR and the relevance of using preferred communication platforms for effective communication. Originality: This paper contributes to the scarce literature on the relevance of the use of ICTs in building LR within agricultural communities while extending grassroots’ contribution towards achieving LR through expressed preferences of communication platforms.

Local Leaders’ Perception on the Adaptive Capacity towards Climate Change Impacts among Small Scale Fishermen

This study aims to explore the local leaders’ perceptions on the adaptive capacity towards climate change impacts among small scale fishermen. This study is quantitative in nature which used a questionnaire that was developed based on the International Union Conservation of Nature community adaptive capacity framework. Multi-stage cluster sampling was employed resulting in the selection of 300 small scale fishermen from Pengkalan Chepa and Batu Pahat as respondents. Results have shown that local leaders perceived that the small scale fishermen had possessed strong adaptation in three aspects, namely, in terms of the capacity to experiment and learn, community assets and flexibility. A number of discussions have been highlighted in this paper which would hopefully further add understanding on the views of local leaders on adaptive capacity towards climate change impacts among small scale fishermen in Malaysia.

The Role and Importance of the Transactions Costs Theory in Agricultural Contracting Area: an Appraisal of Selected Empirical Studies

Formal contractual arrangements cover a considerable share of globe agricultural production. Agricultural contracts can have many beneficial effects.They can help farmers manage price and production risks, thus encouraging more efficient use of farm and processing capacities. But contracts can also have less benign effects. They can introduce new and unexpected risks for farmers—in some circumstances, they can extend a buyer’s market power—and they can effect fundamental changes in how farming is organized and carried out.In this our article we address transaction cost theory (TCT) in some details as a theoretical framework in study of methodology of agreements and contracts,for proving the role and importance of this theory on agriculture contracting area based on eight empirical studies on assessing transaction costs in different farms. Main finding is there are diverse opinions on the applicability of the transaction costs theory in agricultural contracting scope of different management decision-making processes. These opinions developed over a long period of time following continuous improvement on the application of the theory in solving of the outsourcing business problems. These studies also proved that transaction costs are difficult to measure and there is no standard procedure to assess transaction costs, but they can and should be estimated because they are important cost elements in the decision-making process concerning the choice of contract for different outsourcing agricultural production stages.

Transactions Costs Analysis of Agricultural Machinery Hiring Decision in Iraq

The Spirit of the Chinese People was written in 1915, from historical view, China was undergoing great social changes in all aspects at that time. The book written by Ku Hung-Ming is considered to be the first work in modern China to introduce Chinese people to the westerners. He shows deep love, passion and pride of Chinese culture in this book, intending to change the prejudice towards Chinese people of the westerners. Cultural confidence of Ku Hung-Ming can also be sensed greatly in his great work, which is of great value nowadays. This paper mainly demonstrates cultural confidence of Chinese people conveyed in this book by Ku Hung-Ming, some personal reflections are also discussed in this paper to show the author’s understanding of Chinese cultural confidence.Anne of Green Gables, one of Canada’s best known children’s books, has gained popularity all over the world. Anne has become a household name in the children world. The paper analyses the image of Anne in Chinese readers’ eyes: a romantic, imaginative, loyal, self-spirited and loveable girl. The author of this paper also reviews a brief history of Canadian literature’s acceptance in China, and offers some constructive suggestions for the effective popularization of Canadian literature in China. Key words: Anne; Canadian literature; popularization; children’s literaturePresently, most students of normal universities know nothing about music knowledge such as music score at all, and have no musical knowledge and culture. This is a common problem existing in many Chinese normal universities. Surveys, however, show the students are fond of and thirst for learning music knowledge. Thus, universities and related institutions have been laying stress on how to cultivate and improve the music knowledge and culture of students of normal universities. In view of this, this paper aims to research the problems in music curriculum design of normal universities, and put forward corresponding countermeasures, with a hope to give assistance to related universities in music teaching. The theory knowledge of music and vocality accomplishments is one of the basic knowledge and accomplishments that modern talents should have. Besides music majors, education majors also should be offered music education, so as to make up the deficiency of musical knowledge and culture of Chinese musical talents, and comprehensively improve students’ musical skills (Kong & Jin, 2014). There are many problems in music education curriculum design of normal universities. About this, this paper aims to analyze the problems, and put forward suggestions on related curriculum design.Frye’s theory of archetypal meaning includes the apocalyptic and the demonic imagery. The apocalyptic and demonic imagery will be applied to William Golding’s Lord of the Flies, which is stuffed with symbols. Through the demonic imagery, the theme of the novel, people naturally revert to cruelty, savagery and barbarism is clearly revealed. The apocalyptic imagery gives us some hope, though.This essay is devoted to a review of Fotos and Ellis’ (1991) article about using task-based approach in teaching grammar. The choice of the article is based on the fact that it provides a good start for a discussion of the implementation of task-based approach to grammar teaching. First, a summary of the main points in the article is presented. The second part provides a discussion focusing on how the issue of teaching grammar communicatively has been tackled by other researchers. The last part is an attempt to draw some implications of task-based approach in teaching grammar for the Moroccan context.Based on the cultivating mode of special talents and cultivating target of professional talents in the higher vocational colleges, through imitating major cluster construction idea, so as to promote the efficient launch of thematic practical teaching, this paper will conduct relatively deep analysis and discussion on how to improve the practical teaching effectiveness of ideological and political course in the higher vocational colleges.As more and more Chinese farmers are moving to bigger cities, the education problems of migrant students become more and more severe in China. Based on the analysis on the current situation of compulsory education of migrant students in X City, and comparing with the successful solutions of migrant education problems in the United States, this paper offers some possible suggestions to schools in X City on solving the compulsory education problems of migrant students.This paper attempts to offer teachers effective and convenient models in explaining several basic concepts in translation theories to students in translation classes. Four models borrowed from the discipline of cognition are prototype, cognition domain, salience and the three-dimensional cognition mode. The concepts explained in this paper included translation variation, extra-linguistic knowledge for translation, translation criteria and un-translatability, all of which are among the primary concerns for students in translation classes. Key Words: translation concepts; translation theories; cognitive modelsOn the eve of the thirtieth Teachers’ Day, President Xi Jinping visited the Beijing Normal University, and gave an important speech on the forum of the teachers and students from Beijing Normal University: Be a Good Teacher Who Satisfies the Party and the People. The speech highlights the importance of education and teachers, which are of great significance to strengthen the construction of teachers’ contingent. With College counselors being an important part of teachers’ contingent, this paper analyzes the significance of college counselors practicing the Good Teacher With Four Haves Standard from this angle, and further puts forward some countermeasures on this basis, namely, a good college counselor should have clear ideal and conviction, have noble moral sentiment, have profound and relevant knowledge, and have a loving and benevolent heart, in order to provide a certain reference for the troop construction of college counselors.This paper clarified the concepts of cognitive load and combined EFL listening decoding as well as the relationship between them, and examined the change of learners’ cognitive load and its impact on their EFL listening decoding which were caused by input of pure audio information and that of combined audio information with mixtures such as pictures and images. Based on this, the author proposed some effective strategies to improve learners’ EFL listening decoding, including strengthening the training of learners’ English thinking, increasing their cognitive level, enriching the design of EFL listening teaching, creating multiple schemas and maintaining the reasonable cognitive load according to individual learners’ cognitive styles.Making a general survey of Jane·Eyre status changing process from its publication to the end of the last century, it is certain that the novel is a dynamic classic after its publication because of its own and outside factors. However, between the late 19 th and the beginning of the 20 th , the society and commentors transferred their focus from Charlotte and his works, causing Jane·Eyre to be stative classic. Since the middle period of the last century the dynamic classic position of Jane·Eyre was again raised.Most of the governments in the world provide the private colleges with necessary financial support. This is evident especially in U.S., Japan and South Korea where the private higher education is very advanced. The private colleges in these countries have undergone different development paths. As their school funds come from different sources, the public financial support they gain exhibits different characteristics. The governments of these three countries attach great important to the development of private colleges, and issued a complete set of regulations to stipulate that the private colleges qualify for the same financial support as the public colleges. Various measures that were taken by the governments to raise funds contribute to sustainable development of the private colleges.В данной работе предлагается методическая организация иероглифического минимума для обучения студентов языкового вуза письму на китайском языке, построенная с учетом принципов гнездовой и концентрической организации материала; выделяются три методически значимых типа иероглифов.There are three aspects to strengthen honest governance education to Chinese policemen which include fully utilizing policemen to construct socialist harmonious society, strengthening ideology and politics education to policemen to develop their autonomy, establishing complete the system to punish and prevent corruption in policemen to further construct system.This study investigated the strategies monolingual Saudi Arabian adults (MSAAs), Saudi EFL adult learners (SEFLALs), and native speakers of English (ENSs) used when complaining. Another related aim was investigating whether SEFLALs displayed pragmatic transfer when using complaint strategies. A total of 183 written responses were collected from MSAAs, SEFLALs, and ENSs via a three-item discourse completion task (DCT) were analyzed. Findings revealed the strategies used by the study participants when performing the speech act of complaints. First, hints, request and annoyance were the most frequently used strategies by MSAAs, SEFLALs, and ENSs. Second, there were no statistically significant differences among MSAAs, SEFLALs, and ENSs in using the strategy of direct accusation which consistent with the concept of positive pragmatic transfer. Third, hints, behavioral blame, request and indirect accusation were cases of weak negative pragmatic transfer as employed the SEFLALs in the current study. Fourth, modified blame was consistent with concept of strong negative pragmatic transfer. Finally, the last two strategies; annoyance and threat were consistent with no transfer, that is, SEFLAL employed these two strategies as ENSs.Lord Jim is an attempt by Joseph Conrad to contemplate on the failure of the dreams of a man whose romantic beliefs in classical heroism and manner of conduct finally brings about his bafflement. In fact, this writer is trying to mirror that one’s lack of knowledge in case of the “how to be of life”, or his inability to vision the modern world practically from an authentic viewpoint holds him from being conscious enough about his real existence, resulting in a tragedy: a death associated with ambiguity, absent-mindedness and fury. To be more specific, the present study intends to investigate Jim’s Romance, his character – as well as that of the other important characters – and the strategies or techniques applied by Conrad, to reflect the failures of such a romantic viewpoint. Key words: Lord Jim; Joseph Conrad; Romance; Heroism; TragedyBased on the development history of Chinese revolution, the recording in the form of painting can help to restore the scene by combining the related historic theme, thus enhance the authenticity of creation of paintings with the theme of contemporary Chinese revolutionary history and objectively help to raise collectors’ collection hobby and interest. This paper discusses the creation and collection of paintings with the theme of contemporary Chinese revolutionary history so as to realize comprehensive understanding of the creation and collection of paintings with the theme of contemporary Chinese revolutionary history and thus promote the development of paintings with the theme of contemporary Chinese revolutionary history.The work of building Party schools for vocational college students is faced with new challenges in the new situation. This paper analyzes the main problems in of the process of building Party schools for vocational college students, and suggests building a mechanism for building Party schools for vocational college students based on the process of cultivating activists.

Economic Analysis of the Multiple Effects of Single Market to Pricing Policy for Meat in Iraq

This study is an attempt to measure the multiple effects of the price system used in some types of meat in Iraq (fish and beef). Effects quantitatively representative of state revenue and the efficiency of production and consumption and its impact on economic performance efficiency as well as the producer and consumer surplus. Projects supported by the state and livestock production. For the purpose of increasing production. After that the demand has increased to a large extent on animal products. As well as the disclosure of the negative effects that occurs from the use of price policy. Mathematics standards use in data analysis and obtaining results. The results include revenues increased state support for low beef and projects for those revenues to support fish projects. There is a loss of production and consumption, efficient use of resources of the two commodities studied in addition to the loss in the efficient use of resources at the level of the economy as a whole. We find that the price of the policy of encouraging the producers of beef, as it was not for the benefit of consumers significantly. As for the fish was not a specific policy to protect the pair to producers or consumers volatile favor producers in some years and in favor of consumers through more than a year. You should reconsider some of the negative aspects of the pricing policy for the advancement of animal production sector.