Noureddine Baaka

Green dyeing process of modified cotton fibres using natural dyes extracted from Tamarix aphylla (L.) Karst. leaves.

Abstract This research work involves an eco-friendly dyeing process of modified cotton with the aqueous extract of Tamarix aphylla leaves. During this process, the dyeing step was carried out on modified cotton by several cationising agents in order to improve its dyeability. The influence of the main dyeing conditions (dye bath pH, dyeing time, dyeing temperature, salt addition) on the performances of this dyeing process were studied. The dyeing performances of this process were appreciated by measuring the colour yield (K/S) and the fastness properties of the dyed samples. The effect of mordant type with different mordanting methods on dyeing quality was also studied. The results showed that mordanting gave deeper shades and enhanced fastness properties. In addition, environmental indicators (BOD5, COD and COD/BOD5) were used to describe potential improvements in the biodegradability of the dyebath wastewater. Further, HPLC was used to identify the major phenolic compounds in the extracted dye.

Sustainability issues of ultrasonic wool dyeing with grape pomace colourant

Abstract In this study, the ultrasound technique was investigated to dye wool fabrics with the natural extract obtained from grape pomace as a way of reducing time, temperature and environmental impact. Indeed, this natural material was very rich in total polyphenolic compounds and total flavonoids (which are, respectively, 310 (mg GAE/L) and 75 mg (CE/L)). Further, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy showed that the major chemical groups identified in the extracted dye and in the dyed wool fabrics are characteristics of phenolic compounds. The experimental findings of the dyeing process showed that ultrasound method could improve obviously the dye exhaustion and fixation which resulted in improving considerably the colour yield (K/S) and the fastness properties of dyed fabrics compared to the conventional heating method.

Extraction of Natural Dye from Waste Wine Industry: Optimization Survey Based on a Central Composite Design Method

The wine industry rejected large amounts of pressed grape pomace containing huge reserves of natural dyes that could be exploited in textile dyeing. The present paper aims to develop and optimize an extraction method of natural dye from grape pomace in order to dye wool fabrics. The influence of the main extraction conditions (grape pomace amount, sodium hydroxide concentration, extraction temperature and duration) on the dyeing performances of wool fabrics was studied. These performances were appreciated by measuring the color yield (K/S) of dyed wool fabrics. A central composite design method made with MINITAB 15 software was used for the optimization of the extraction method. The optimum conditions were found to be: concentration of sodium hydroxide of about 0.13 M, amount of grape pomace of about 69.56 g/l, extraction temperature of about 80 °C and extraction duration of about 70 min.

Use of Ultrasonic Energy for Enhancing the Dyeing Performances of Polyamide Fibers with Olive Vegetable Water

The present study reports the valorization of the olive vegetable water in natural dyeing. HPLC analysis of the phenolic extract obtained from the used olive vegetable water showed that the predominant flavonoid compounds were luteolin and apigenin. Hydroxytyrosol and various phenolic acids were also identified. This abundant waste was used as a possible dye bath for dyeing polyamide fabrics in conventional and ultrasonic techniques. It was found that these synthetic fibers possess high affinity to the olive vegetable water giving brownish shades with generally good fastness properties. Factors affecting the dyeing performances such as pH, temperature, and duration of the dyeing time were studied. Ultrasonic dyeing showed marked improvement in the dye uptake compared to the conventional heating. The results also showed that the use of this method enhanced some fastness properties compared to the conventional method. Moreover, it was found that using ultrasonic technique can reduce the concentration of polyphenols so that it reduced the chemical oxygen demand COD and biological oxygen demand BOD5 better than conventional heating method.

Development and Optimization of the Extraction Process of Natural Dye from Tamarix aphylla (L.) Karst. Leaves Using Response Surface Methodology (RSM)

The extraction of colorant from Tamarix aphylla (L.) Karst. leaves was optimized using response surface methodology (RSM). The combined effects of extraction conditions (sodium hydroxide concentration, sample weight, and extraction time and temperature) on the total phenolic content (TPC) and color yield (K/S) were studied using three-levels three-factors Box-Behnken design. The optimum conditions for dye extraction were found to be 0.25 mol/l, 65 min, 88 °C and 52.5 g/l for sodium hydroxide concentration, extraction time and temperature, and mass of the leaves powder respectively. The efficiency of extraction under these optimum conditions was found to be 1.12 g/l of phenolics and color yield equal to 11.20. Further, high-performance liquid chromatography analysis (HPLC) was used to identify the major phenolic compounds in the dye extract such as gallic acid, quercetin, luteolin, and kaempferon.

A novel natural source Vicia faba L. membranes as colourant: development and optimisation of the extraction process using response surface methodology (RSM)

Abstract In this research paper, an eco-friendly extraction process of dyes from Vicia faba L. membranes was developed. In this regard, the influence of independent process factors like the weight of material, the extraction time, the temperature and the sodium hydroxide concentration on the natural dye extraction from Vicia faba membranes was investigated. The optimisation of the extraction conditions and the effect evaluation of the different operating parameters were carried out using a Box–Behnken design under response surface methodology. The optimum conditions were found to be 66 °C, 90 min, 5 g and 0.1628 mol·L−1 for extraction temperature, time, mass of the material and sodium hydroxide concentration, respectively. The efficiency of this extraction process under these optimum conditions was evaluated by measuring the total phenolic content (TPC), the total flavonoid content and the relative colour yield (K/S). In these operating conditions, good fastness ratios were observed for the dyed fabrics.

Extraction of carotenoids from Lycium ferocissimum fruits for cotton dyeing: Optimization survey based on a central composite design method

Studies were carried out to assess the extraction yield of carotenoids from the African boxthorn (Lycium ferocissimum Miers, Solanaceae) fruits with different solvents and solvent mixtures, to optimize the extraction conditions for maximum recovery and to improve the extraction efficiency. Among other solvents, a mixture of hexane and acetone gave the highest carotenoid extraction. Extraction conditions, such as hexane percentage in hexane/acetone solvent mixture, solvent-solid ratio, and extraction time were optimized using a statistically designed experiment. A regression equation for predicting the carotenoid yield as a function of three extraction variables was derived by statistical analysis. The optimized conditions for maximum carotenoids yield were 45 % hexane in solvent mixture, solvent-solid ratio of 70 (ml/g) and extraction time 70 min. The dyeability of cotton with carotenoids extract has also been studied. Unmordant and postmordanted bleached cotton fabric with alum and ferrous sulphatewas dyed. Color measurements and fastness properties as light, rubbing and wash were tested.

Limoniastrum monopetalum stems as a new source of natural colorant for dyeing wool fabrics

In the present study, an attempt has been made to dye the wool fabric with Limoniastrum monopetalum stems, as a source of natural dye, which has not been exploited so far. Optimization of extraction parameters was done. Optimum results of extraction process were obtained with a dye concentration of 60 g/l, a temperature of 90 °C during 100 min. The study of different factors effecting dyeability of wool fabrics by aqueous L. monopetalum stems extract showed that the pH of dye bath and dyeing temperature and time affected considerably the color yield. The best results were obtained at the following conditions; pH 2, 100 °C, and 60 min. Metal mordants, when used in conjunction with L. monopetalum dye, allowed to obtain various shades. The determination of phenolic contents of aqueous L. monopetalum stems extract showed a high amount of phenolic components. Based on RP-HPLC, the coloring extract of L. monopetalum stems contains tannins and polyphenols. The major identified phenolic compounds were procatechuic, Trans-cinnamic and gallic acids. Hence, aqueous L. monopetalum stems extract could be successfully exploited for dyeing wool fabrics with high color yield (K/S).

Optimisation of the recovery of carotenoids from tomato processing wastes: application on textile dyeing and assessment of its antioxidant activity.

Abstract The present study has been focused on the extraction of natural pigments from tomato industry waste. At first, different solvents and solvents mixture were compared to determine which one is the best for extracting carotenoids compounds from tomato by-products. A mixture of hexane and acetone gave the highest carotenoids extraction yield among the others examined. The extraction conditions were optimised using a five-level–five-factor central composite design. Under optimal conditions, solvent solid ratio 90, hexane percentage in the solvent mixture 60, extraction duration 50, number of extractions 4 and extraction temperature 35 °C, the yield of carotenoids was 80.7 μg/g. The coloured extract of tomato by-products was applied on textile fabrics to investigate the dyeing characteristics and antioxidant activities. The results indicate that extract can be applied on textile fabrics (wool, silk and polyamide) to produce coloured clothing with acceptable antioxidant properties.

Tannin-rich natural dye extracted from kermes oak (Quercus coccifera L.): Process optimization using response surface methodology (RSM)

ABSTRACT The present research reports the extraction of natural colorant from kermes oak (Quercus coccifera L.) fruits. Response surface methodology (RSM) with the help of Minitab (Version 17, State College, PA, USA) was used for the optimization of the extraction process and the evaluation of different operating parameters interaction effects. Three independent parameters including extraction temperature, extraction time, and mass of the kermes oak were studied. According to the results, the optimum extraction was obtained at a temperature of 72°C, an extraction time of 70 min, and a mass of 2 g. Under these optimum conditions, the efficiency of extraction was found to be 3792 mg.L−1. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy was used to identify the major chemical groups in the extracted dye. The coloring ability of the extracted dye, obtained under the optimal conditions, was tested on wool and cotton fabrics, and its effect on color strength and color fastness to rubbing, light, and washing was investigated. Results of color characteristics showed that the color coordinates of the dyed samples were situated in the red-yellow quadrant of the CIELabcolor space.