Nur Azam Badarulzaman

Melt Flow and Mechanical Properties of Polypropylene/Recycled Plaster of Paris

Polypropylene (PP) composites have better material properties such as good strength, better stiffness, improve of ductility; good stability and thermal expansion; and low cost of production. Nevertheless, these properties depend on the matrix phase, the phase dispersion of fillers and strengthening mechanism, shapes and arrangements of filler particles and the bonding interface between filler and matrix [1]. Plaster of paris (POP) has been chosen as filler in this composite system because it is used in many ceramic manufacturing and construction sectors which produce lots of POP wastes. It becomes one of the environmental issues due to the amount of used POP that has been disposed without recycling. Therefore, it is crucial to develop new composite material which consists of recycled POP as filler in order to assist the government in addressing the environmental issue.

Effect of MgO Additive on Microstructure of Al2O3

In this work, the consolidation of different alumina particles via sintering process was conducted to the compacted alumina pellets. This consolidation was also assisted with the sintering aid, MgO to densify the final ceramic structure. Comparison between the influence of additive to the different particles size of compacted alumina by observing the microstructure and physical properties was conducted. The value physical properties and microstructure clearly show that for both particle size of alumina, MgO additive can increase the density value and improve microstructure properties.

Delamination of Kaolinite by Intercalation of Urea Using Milling

The effect of milling on structure of kaolinite-urea intercalates were studied. Untreated and treated kaolinite samples were examined by Field scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The basal spacing of kaolinite measured by X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) increased from 1.02 to 3.62 nm after intercalation by urea. Significantly, nature of intercalation was reached through formation of hydrogen bonds between urea and both Si-O and AlOH groups of the interlayer surface of kaolinite.

Impact of Sintering Temperatures on Microstructure, Porosity and Mechanical Strength of Refractory Brick

Riyom clay sample was investigated and have porosity of 18.6 %, firing shrinkage of 7.8 %, bulk density 2.2 g/cm3 and cold crushing strength. Chemical composition was analyzed using the XRF. The refractoriness of the fireclay was 1621 °C. The thermal shock resistance was up to 25 cycles. The apparent porosity fell within the standard value of 10-30 % for refractory fireclay bricks. The investigation proved that the Riyom clay deposit belong to the alumino-silicate group of bricks. The clay is therefore, suitable for production of refractory bricks for furnace lining.

Fabrication of Al-Sn Composites from Direct Recycling Aluminium Alloy 6061

Solid-state direct conversion method of recycled aluminium 6061 alloy to produce metal-metal composites was studied by using collected recycle chip. Different volume percent of stannum (Sn) matrix was studied to attempt the tensile strength and surface integrity of the aluminium composites product. Constant pressure was used to implement the cold forging process with constant sintering temperature. Single size of chip had been used which 2 mm length as suggested. The optimum result of yield strength and ultimate tensile strength is 3 Pa and 8.3 Pa for 20 vol% of Sn composition. Analysis shows that composites beyond 20 vol% Sn resulted in the tensile strength decreased.

Physical Properties of Edible Films Based on Tapioca Starch as Affected by the Glycerol Concentration

The aim of this work is to study the influence of different proportions of glycerol on the properties of tapioca starch films. The films were characterized to determine crystallinity by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermal property by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and mechanical property by tensile test. The DSC thermograms show a decrease in the melting temperature (TPeak) with increase in the glycerol content. According to XRD diffractograms, pure starch exhibits crystallinity, but gelatinisation converts the starch film with 0 (w/w) % glycerol to amorphous, it gains back its crystallinity with the increase in the glycerol concentration. Mechanical properties were also influenced by variation of the percentage ratio of glycerol. The tensile strength was observed to decrease with increase in glycerol concentration whereas the elongation at break sharply increase with increase in glycerol concentration.

Production of Cu-Sn-Zn Ternary Alloy Coating via Electroplating

This research deals with the interest in production of Cu-Sn-Zn ternary alloy coating via electroplating on carbon substrate by using less hazardous electrolyte. A detailed study was made on the effect of different concentration of reducing and complexing agents. The surface morphology and phase structure of the deposited layers were examined by scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS), respectively. The results confirmed that the layers of Cu-Sn-Zn was obtained with this less hazardous electrolyte.

Influence of B2O3 on Phosphate Ion Released from SiO2-B2O3-P2O5-Na2CO3 Glass in Synthetic Seawater

Phosphates have been receiving important attention in various fields and one of the fundamental sources of nutrients required to be used as source of nutrients for plankton growth. The objective of this study is to determine the effect of boron oxide on phosphate ion released from the system SiO2-B2O3-P2O5-Na2CO3 glasses. The compositions of this glass system [wt%: (55-x)% SiO2- (15+x)% B2O3- 5% P2O5- 25% Na2CO3] where 15≤x≤40 % have been prepared with the different amount of B2O3 (30-55wt%) and P2O5 with Na2CO3 were fixed. The glass has been prepared by melting in the alumina crucible within 2 h of soaking time at 1300 °C in the furnace and cooled to room temperature. The obtained glass samples were crushed and sieved at mean size of 2 mm – 4 mm. The dissolution studies were determined through the immersion of the glass samples in 50 mL synthetic seawater for 30 days under static condition. The results were obtained and analyzed using Discrete Auto Analyzer. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) with Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) method was used to determine the functional group sample of glasses and the glass phase was characterized by X-Ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. Dissolution studies showed that, the concentration of phosphate ion released decreased with increasing B2O3 content whilst, increased with immersion time. The obtained experimental data indicated that, the optimum concentration of phosphate ion (10.27 ppm) was achieved at 35 wt% of B2O3 at week three.

Effect of Glycerol on the Properties of Tapioca Starch Film

Biodegradable films from tapioca starch (TPS) were formed by tape casting. The impact of glycerol (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20%) on the mechanical properties was investigated. The increase in glycerol content reduces the tensile strength while increasing the elongation at break. The varying concentrations of glycerol led to changes in tapioca starch edible film properties, potentially affecting film performances. The merging and increase in the intensity of absorption between 3700-3300 cm-1 as a result of increase in glycerol proportion is due to possible interaction of the OH groups in TPS and glycerol thereby increasing intermolecular H-bond.

The effect of quenching on physical characteristics of recycled AA6061 aluminum chips

This research is to investigate physical characteristics of the milled recycling aluminum AA6061 according to the change of the quenching time (heat treatment) using the milling process and followed by a cold press forging process. The chips of AA6061 are produced from high speed milling process. Physical properties of the milled recycled chip of AA6061 were studied. Six values of quenching time were taken (0, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10) hours. On the other hand, the quenching and aging temperature is constant. The results were showing that the microstructure, porosity and density that the optimum is 8 hours. But for microhardness Vickers, the optimum is at 2 hours. It’s shows that the optimum value of density (2.55 g/cm3), porosity (1.95 %), and hardness value (122.02 Hv). It can be concluded; 2 hours of quenching time is the best choice for all groups.This research is to investigate physical characteristics of the milled recycling aluminum AA6061 according to the change of the quenching time (heat treatment) using the milling process and followed by a cold press forging process. The chips of AA6061 are produced from high speed milling process. Physical properties of the milled recycled chip of AA6061 were studied. Six values of quenching time were taken (0, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10) hours. On the other hand, the quenching and aging temperature is constant. The results were showing that the microstructure, porosity and density that the optimum is 8 hours. But for microhardness Vickers, the optimum is at 2 hours. It’s shows that the optimum value of density (2.55 g/cm3), porosity (1.95 %), and hardness value (122.02 Hv). It can be concluded; 2 hours of quenching time is the best choice for all groups.