Nur Sabahiah Abdul Sukor

Travel Behaviour Modification (TBM) Programmes

This chapter focuses on the travel behaviour modification (TBM) programmes as one of the recommended strategies to enhance the travel demand management methods. However, the quality of public transports has received higher priority instead, which explains why the TBM programmes are not widespread in the developing countries despite its influence in transforming the public behaviour towards sustainable transports. The examples of TBM programmes that have been done in developed countries are also summarized in this chapter. The identification towards the particular effects and outcomes from the programmes are able to provide insights for the development and implementation of TBM in the developing countries.

Implications of Travel Behaviour Modification (TBM) Programme

This chapter explores the implications of the intervention programmes under the TBM programme among the adolescents in the aspects of the purpose of the travel, time allocation for daily activities, hourly trip frequencies, choice of transport for travel, travel distance, travel duration and carbon emissions from vehicles. It should be noted that the discussed findings on the implications of the intervention programmes were based on a short-term period only. The implementation of intervention programmes were found to significantly reduce the amount of carbon emission from vehicles during the weekdays. As for the weekend travel, the adolescents that received motivation and incentives reported significant reduction in the amount of carbon emission compare to the other intervention groups.

Travel Behaviour Modification (TBM) Program for Adolescents in Penang Island: Intervention Ideas to Promote Sustainable Transport

This chapter elaborates the perspective of sustainable transports by explaining the benefits of using public transports and active modes. As well as to reduce the number of private vehicles on the roads, sustainable transports also aimed to reduce the road accidents. In addition, sustainable transport is among the big agendas in Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) that need to be taken into account for planning future cities for our generation. Together with the explanation on sustainable transports, this chapter also highlights several improvements that can be executed in the planning for a sustainable transportation system by adapting the avoid-promote-alternative mitigation strategies.

Intervention Programmes in Penang Island

The current chapter proposes several intervention strategies to promote sustainable transports among the adolescents (secondary school students) in Penang Island. Overall, the introduced travel behaviour modification (TBM) programme, which focused on the adolescents, aimed to promote awareness on the implications of carbon emissions from vehicles as well as to encourage the use of sustainable transports. In this study, the interventions were included motivation, journey planning and incentive that focused on four groups of adolescents. The intervention programmes were conducted through a campaign where the adolescents were provided with campaign kits to encourage them to commit with the programmes. The proposed interventions are expected to contribute to the planning and implementation of any behavioural modification programmes.

Adolescents as the Target Users for Sustainable Transports

It is important to understand the daily travel patterns of the adolescents as a strategy to nurture them to be more pro-sustainable transport-users in the future. Usually, the adolescents need to depend on their parents to travel either during weekdays or weekends. This chapter addressed why adolescents had been a target group for travel behaviour modification studies and what factors affecting their decision in making trips. From the survey that had been done to the adolescents in Penang Island, the finding shows that the adolescents were tended to involve with simple travel patterns (a single-trip chain in one trip) and complex travel patterns (many trip chains in one trip) after the school hours. The travel patterns were also found to be different between weekdays and weekends.

The role of incentives towards adolescents’ commitment to use public transport in Malaysia

ABSTRACT This study examines the adoption of a travel behaviour modification programme to encourage sustainable mobility and public bus usage. Students from four schools in Penang Island were recruited and divided into two groups: Group 1 (without incentives) and Group 2 (with incentives). In the experiment, after having a motivation session about sustainable transport, the respondents were asked to design their travel patterns for seven days. The next session gathered data about their actual travel and asked for feedback regarding the programme. The results demonstrate that incentives encouraged respondents to follow their plans for travel behaviour and public bus usage. The results highlight that their commitment to follow their travel plans were influenced by ethnicity, distance from home to school, travel time, and household income. The study offers some discussion regarding the implications of the results for strengthening sustainable mobility and encouraging public bus use among adolescents.

Total shading system approach at Sultan Qaboos University Eco-House project

This research presents a concept of total shading system made light weight shell that encloses the building and cut down the impact solar radiation on it. Variety of virtual shading plates were assessed by graphical shading charts, and physical models, then further refined into several types of louvers. Shading efficiencies of these louvers types were calculated and plotted and the graphs were used to compare them and select the appropriate type for each orientation. It was found out that horizontal louvers were necessary for South orientation, vertical louvers for East and West orientations, and none for North orientation. Louvers were slanted at specific angles in order cut down the low solar rays in the morning and afternoon hours, and to induce the prevailing North Easterly wind to infiltrate through and cool the cavity spaces. The findings of this research were applied and tested in the design and construction of Sultan Qaboos University Eco-House.

Preparedness of fire safety in underground train station: Comparison between train operators in Malaysia with other operators from the developed countries

The purpose of this paper is to compare the fire evacuation plan and preparation at the underground train stations in the different countries. The methodology for this study was using the extended questionnaire survey to investigate the Rapid Rail Sdn Bhd, Malaysia’s fire safety plan and preparation at the underground train stations. There were four sections in the questionnaire which included (i) background of the respondents, (ii) the details on the train stations, safety instruction and fire evacuation exercises (iii) technical systems, installation and equipment at the underground stations and (iv) procedures and technical changes related to fire safety that had been applied by the operators. Previously, the respondents from the different train operator services in the developed countries had completed the questionnaires. This paper extends the response from the Rapid Rail Sdn Bhd to compare the emergency procedures and preparation for fire event with the developed countries. As a result, this study f...

Trees as environmental modifier to improve street canyon for pedestrian activities in Muscat

Street shading efficiency is a function of orientation and profile proportion of its height to width. Under high sun altitude conditions, minimization of solar irradiance within the urban environment may often be a significant criterion in urban design. This reduction in solar irradiance achieved when the obstruction angle is large (high H/W ratio, H=height, W=width). High H/W values often lessen the solar access to streets. The horizontal sprawl of Muscat region is an example of low H/W ratio represented the remarkable challenge that causes the lack of shading rates in the urban street. This characteristic proliferates the negative impact on the pedestrian activities in the urban street. This research aims to improve the morphology of the street to promote the pedestrian behavior. The amendment based on suggesting different configurations of trees to increase effective shading of the urban street in Muscat. The street canyon abstracted into a virtual elongated channel formed of floor and walls of equal h...

Verifying the buildingEXODUS through an emergency response procedure (ERP) exercise at an underground intervention shaft

An Emergency Response Plan (ERP) is an essential safety procedure that needs to be taken into account for railway operations, especially for underground railway networks. Several parameters need to be taken into consideration in planning an ERP such as the design of tunnels and intervention shafts, and operation procedures for underground transportation systems. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to observe and analyse the Emergency Response Procedure (ERP) exercise for the underground train network at the LRT Kelana Jaya Line. The exercise was conducted at one of the underground intervention shaft exits, where the height of the staircase from the bottom floor to the upper floor was 24.59 metres. Four cameras were located at selected levels of the shaft, and 71 participants were assigned for the evacuation exercise. The participants were tagged with a number at the front and back of their safety vests. Ten respondents were randomly selected to give details of their height and weight and, at the same ...