Nurhan Sahin

Effects of chromium, and ascorbic acid supplementation on growth, carcass traits, serum metabolites, and antioxidant status of broiler chickens reared at a high ambient temperature (32°C)

Abstract This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of chromium (chromium picolinate, CrPic) and vitamin C (L-ascorbic acid) supplementation on performance, carcass characteristics, and serum concentrations of T 3 (Triiodothyronine), T 4 (Thyroxine), insulin, corticosterone, glucose, cholesterol, MDA as indicator of lipid peroxidation (Malondialdehyde), vitamin C, and vitamin E in broiler chickens (Ross) reared under heat stress (32°C). One day-old 120 male broilers were randomly assigned to 4 treatment groups, 3 replicates of 10 birds each. The birds were fed either a basal diet or the basal diet supplemented with either 400 mg of Cr/kg of diet, 250 mg of L-ascorbic acid/kg of diet, or 400 mg of Cr plus 250 mg of L-ascorbic acid/kg of diet. Separately or as a combination, supplemental chromium and vitamin C increased body weight gain ( P P P P P P 3 , T 4 , but a decrease in corticosterone ( P P P P

Unusual histopathological findings in appendectomy specimens from patients with suspected acute appendicitis

AIM To investigate the prevalence and implications of unusual histopathological findings in appendectomy specimens from patients with suspected acute appendicitis. METHODS The demographic and histopathological data of 1621 patients (≥ 16 years-old) who underwent appendectomy to treat an initial diagnosis of acute appendicitis between January 1999 and November 2011 were retrospectively assessed. Microscopic findings were used to classify the patients under six categories: appendix vermiformis, phlegmonous appendicitis, gangrenous appendicitis, perforated appendicitis, supurative appendicitis, and unusual histopathologic findings. The demographic and clinicopathologic characteristics of patients with unusual histopathologic findings were evaluated in detail, and re-analysis of archived resected appendix specimens was carried out. RESULTS A total of 912 males and 709 females, from 16 to 94 years old, were included in the study and comprised 789 cases of suppurative appendicitis, 370 cases of appendix vermiformis, 243 cases of perforated gangrenous appendicitis, 53 cases of flegmaneous appendicitis, 32 cases of gangrenous appendicitis, and 134 (8.3%) cases of unusual histopathological findings. The unusual histopathological findings included fibrous obliteration (n = 62), enterobius vermicularis (n = 31), eosinophilic infiltration (n = 10), mucinous cystadenoma (n = 8), carcinoid tumor (n = 6), granulomatous inflammation (n = 5), adenocarcinoma (n = 4; one of them mucinous), and mucocele (n = 3), adenomatous polyp (n = 1), taenia sup (n = 1), ascaris lumbricoides (n = 1), appendiceal diverticula (n = 1), and B cell non-hodgkin lymphoma (n = 1). None of the 11 patients with subsequent diagnosis of tumor were suspected of cancer prior to the appendectomy. CONCLUSION Even when the macroscopic appearance of appendectomy specimens is normal, histopathological assessment will allow early diagnosis of many unusual diseases.

Routine histopathologic examination of appendectomy specimens: retrospective analysis of 1255 patients.

The objective of this study was to analyze the clinical benefit of histopathologic analysis of appendectomy specimens from patients with an initial diagnosis of acute appendicitis. We retrospectively analyzed the demographic and histopathologic data of 1255 patients (712 males, 543 females; age range, 17-85 years) who underwent appendectomy to treat an initial diagnosis of acute appendicitis. Patients who underwent incidental appendectomy during other surgeries were excluded from the study. Histopathologic findings of the appendectomy specimens were used to confirm the initial diagnosis. Ninety-four percent of the appendectomy specimens were positive for appendicitis. Of those, 880 were phlegmonous appendicitis, 148 were gangrenous appendicitis with perforation, and the remaining 88 showed unusual histopathologic findings. In the 88 specimens with unusual pathology, fibrous obliteration was observed in 57 specimens, carcinoid tumor in 11, Encheliophis vermicularis parasite infection in 8, granulatomous inflammation in 6, appendiceal endometriosis in 2, and 1 specimen each showed mucocele, eosinophilic infiltration, Taenia saginata parasite infection, and appendicular diverticulitis. All carcinoid tumors were located in the distal appendix. Six of the 11 carcinoid tumors were defined by histopathology as involving tubular cells, and the other 5 as involving enterochromaffin cells. Six patients had muscularis propria invasion, 2 patients had submucosa invasion, 2 patients had mesoappendix invasion, and 1 patient had serosal invasion. All patients with tumors remained disease free during the follow-up (range, 1-27 months). We conclude that when the ratio of unusual pathologic findings for appendectomy specimens is considered, it is evident that all surgical specimens should be subjected to careful histologic examination.

Squamous cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis associated with kidney stones: radiologic imaging features with gross and histopathological correlation.

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the renal pelvis is a rare neoplasm and is usually associated with long standing renal stone disease. This tumor is aggressive in nature and usually has a poor prognosis. We report a case who presented with sudden significant weight loss. During the radiologic investigation, a renal mass and staghorn calculi were detected in the right kidney. The patient subsequently underwent right radical nephrectomy. Pathological diagnosis was SCC of renal pelvis with extensive infiltration in to the renal parenchyma. The radiologic imaging features and histopathologic findings of this rare tumor are discussed in this report.

Protective Effects of Apocynin on Cisplatin-induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Despite it being a highly potent antineoplastic drug, cisplatin has important toxic adverse effects limiting its use such as nephrotoxicity, neurotoxicity and ototoxicity. It is thought that cisplatin-induced hepatotoxicity is caused by oxidative stress resulting from increased reactive oxygen species (ROS). Apocynin (APO) exerts its antioxidant effect by reducing ROS production via inhibition of NADPH oxidase. The present study intended to demonstrate effects of cisplatin on hepatic pro-oxidant/antioxidant systems and to investigate protective effects of APO against cisplatin-induced hepatotoxicity. METHODS Rats were randomly assigned into four groups (n = 8 each): a) control group; b) single dose of cisplatin (5 mg/kg); c) APO group (20 mg/kg on three consecutive days; i.p.); and d) APO plus cisplatin group. Liver tissue was assessed in all groups by biochemical and histopathological means. Also, serum alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase levels were studied in all groups. RESULTS When cisplatin group was compared to controls, it was seen that lipid peroxidation product, total oxidant status and ALT levels were markedly increased, whereas superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase levels were overtly decreased. APO therapy markedly prevented cisplatin-induced harmful changes in liver. Our histopathological findings such as central vein dilatation, perivenuler and periportal sinusoidal dilatation, parenchymal inflammation, vacuolar changes in hepatocytes, biliary duct proliferation and caspase-3 positive hepatocytes were in accordance with the biochemical changes. CONCLUSION In light of these results, it is our thought that APO has a protective role against cisplatin-induced hepatotoxicity at both biochemical and histopathological levels.

Cold-induced elevation of homocysteine and lipid peroxidation can be alleviated by dietary folic acid supplementation

Abstract This study was conducted to determine the effects of folic acid supplementation at various levels on performance, carcass characteristics and serum concentrations of homocysteine, malondialdehyde (MDA), an indicator of lipid peroxidation, folic acid, vitamin B 12, and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) in broiler Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japanica) reared under a low ambient temperature (6°C). One hundred twenty Japanese quails (10-d-old) were divided into four groups, 30 birds per group; 3 replicates of 10 birds each. The quails were fed either a basal diet or the basal diet supplemented with either 0.5, 1 or 2 mg of folic acid/kg of diet. Increased supplemental folic acid resulted in an increase in body weight ( P = 0.04, linear), carcass characteristics ( P = 0.01, linear), and also improved feed efficiency ( P = 0.01, linear). Serum folate ( P = 0.02) and vitamin B 12 concentrations linearly increased ( P = 0.01), whereas homocysteine ( P = 0.01, linear), malondialdehyde (MDA) ( P = 0.01, linear) and ACTH concentrations linearly decreased ( P = 0.05) as dietary folic acid supplementation increased. Results of the present study suggest that the detrimental effects of low ambient temperature on performance and serum concentrations of homocysteine and lipid peroxidation can be alleviated by dietary supplementation with folic acid, and that the best results were obtained when 2 mg folic acid/kg of diet was included and folic acid supplementation at such a level can be considered as a protective management practice in a quail diet for alleviating negative effects of cold stress.

A Newborn with Massive Congenital Astroblastoma

1Department of Pathology, Inonu University School of Medicine, Malatya, Turkey; 2Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas; 3Department of Radiology, Inonu University School of Medicine, Malatya, Turkey; 4Department of Pediatrics, Inonu University School of Medicine, Malatya, Turkey; 5Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Inonu University School of Medicine, Malatya, Turkey

Beneficial effects of dexpanthenol on mesenteric ischemia and reperfusion injury in experimental rat model

ABSTRACT Background and aim It has been reported that intestinal ischemia–reperfusion (I/R) injury results from oxidative stress caused by increased reactive oxygen species. Dexpanthenol (Dxp) is an alcohol analogue with epitelization, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and increasing peristalsis activities. In the present study, the aim was to investigate protective and therapeutic effects of Dxp against intestinal I/R injury. Materials and methods Overall, 40 rats were assigned into five groups including one control, one alone Dxp, and three I/R groups (40-min ischemia; followed by 2-h reperfusion). In two I/R groups, Dxp (500 mg/kg, i.m.) was given before or during ischemia. The histopathological findings including apoptotic changes, and also tissue and serum biochemical parameters levels, were determined. Oxidative stress and ileum damage were assessed by biochemical and histological examination. In the control (n = 8) and alone Dxp (n = 8; 500 mg/kg, i.m. of Dxp was given at least 30 min before recording), groups were incised via laparotomy, and electrical activity was recorded from their intestines. In this experiment, the effect of Dxp on the motility of the intestine was examined by analyzing electrical activity. Results In ileum, oxidant levels were found to be higher, while antioxidant levels were found to be lower in I/R groups when compared with controls. Dxp approximated high levels of oxidants than those in the control group, while it increased antioxidant values compared with I/R groups. Histopathological changes caused by intestinal I/R injury and histological improvements were observed in both groups given Dxp. In the Dxp group, electrical signal activity markedly increased compared with the control group. Conclusions Here, it was seen that Dxp had protective and therapeutic effects on intestinal I/R injury and gastrointestinal system peristaltism.

Assessment of mucosal changes associated with nasal splint in a rabbit model.

INTRODUCTION There is no consensus on duration of the nasal splint after nasal septum surgeries. The pressure of nasal splint on the mucosa may cause tissue necrosis and nasal septum perforation. OBJECTIVES To investigate the histopathological changes of the nasal mucosa caused by nasal splints in a rabbit model. METHODS No splint was used in group A. Bilateral silicone nasal splints were placed for five, ten, and 15 days in groups B, C, and D, respectively. Biopsy of the nasal mucosa was performed after removal of splint. Histopathologic evaluations were performed. The severity and depth of the inflammation were scored. RESULTS Group A had a normal histological appearance. Comparison of the results of groups B, C, and D with group A demonstrated statistically significant differences with regards to the severity of histopathological findings. There was no statistically significant difference between groups B and C. There were statistically significant differences between the groups B and D, and also between groups C and D. CONCLUSIONS Longer duration of nasal splint had a higher risk for septal perforation. Therefore, removal of the splint as soon as possible may be helpful for preventing potential perforations.

Clinical and pathological findings on intoxication by yellow phosphorus after ingesting firework cracker: A rare case of autopsy

Abstract Yellow phosphorus is a toxic substance used in the production of firework cracker, fireworks, ammunition and agricultural dung. When ingested, it shows its effects mainly in the liver, the kidneys, and the brain. A four-year-old girl had died as a result of acute hepatic failure caused by ingesting a firework cracker. The case showed high levels of hepatic enzymes, along with non-specific signs such as nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. Autopsy revealed diffuse microvesicular steatosis in the liver and disseminated degeneration in the proximal tubules of the kidneys. In cases with concomitant hepatorenal failure and cardiovascular collapse, death is inevitable. However, when only hepatic failure develops, hepatic transplantation may be lifesaving. Although intoxication from ingesting yellow phosphorus has a very high rate of mortality, forensic cases are extremely rare in the literature.