Nurhayati Mellon

A Model for the Estimation of Surface Tension of Pure Hydrocarbon Liquids

Surface tension is an important property and its accurate prediction is required in most chemical engineering calculations. An equation for the surface tension of liquid hydrocarbons as a function of temperature is developed considering intermolecular attractions in liquid phase are reflected by its enthalpy. The model equation is validated with National Institute of Standards and Technology data on liquid hydrocarbon alkanes (C1 to C10 and C12) accounting for molecular shape through sphericity factor. The molecular sphericity factor correlated well with molecular weight of the hydrocarbons. The accuracy of the proposed model equation is compared with the two empirical equations, and results showed that the proposed model equation predicts the surface tension of pure hydrocarbon liquids more accurately.

A Review on Robustness of Covalent Organic Polymers for CO2 Capture

The presence of carbon dioxide (CO2) in natural gas stream is a critical problem; besides causing corrosion it also reduces the energy contents and heating value of natural gas. Various separation techniques are available to separate CO2 from natural gas, such as metal organic framework (MOF), covalent organic framework (COF) and Covalent Organic Polymer (COP) adsorbents. The criteria of adsorbent selection that need to be fulfilled include high adsorption capacity, high selectivity of CO2 and hydrothermal stability at operating conditions. COPs are crystalline porous materials having high CO2 capacity and selectivity in the presence of water vapors. However, the research on COP material development is new and scarce information is available in literature. In this prospect, the paper highlights the different types of COPs, their basic constituents and the adsorption capacities.

Performance assessment of an inline horizontal swirl tube cyclone for gas-liquid separation at high pressure

Abstract The application of swirl tube cyclone for gas-liquid separation is attractive due to its small size and weight. However, very scarce information on the performance of the swirl tube cyclone especially at high operating pressure emulating actual field condition was published in journals. Performance assessment was usually done at a low operating pressure using either air-water, air-fine particle mixtures or dense gas such as SF 6 . This paper fills the existing gaps and reports the initial findings on the performance assessment of a horizontal swirl tube cyclone for gas-liquid separation operating at a flow rate of 5 MMSCFD at 40-60 bar operating pressure.

Model for the prediction of separation profile of oil-in-water emulsion

ABSTRACT This paper proposed a model that explains the separation mechanism of oil-in-water emulsion taking into account both creaming and coalescence processes. Oil-in-water emulsion separation experiments were performed in a batch separator using kerosene and distilled water. The predictions of the proposed model agreed well with the experimental results as well as previously published experimental data. The comparison between the proposed model and the previously published model showed that the proposed model has higher accuracy in predicting the separation profile of oil-in-water emulsion, with an accuracy of within 10%. Thus the proposed model gives better representation of the oil-in-water emulsion separation process. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

Geometry variation in porous covalent triazine polymer (CTP) for CO2 adsorption

Covalent triazine-based organic polymers (CTPs), a sub class of covalent organic polymers (COPs), are promising materials for CO2 adsorption although the impact of their dimensionality on the trapping process is not well-understood. Two different molecular geometries of phenyl-based diamine linkers, planar p-phenylenediamine and angular 1,2-diphenylethylenediamine, were subsequently chosen to afford 2 CTPs (ACTP-1 and ACTP-2) via catalyst-free polycondensation to acquire deeper fundamental understanding of the effect of their dimensionality on the adsorption efficiency. Although ACTP-2, with non-planar building blocks, showed a significant improvement in the porosity of its network in comparison with the planar structure polymer ACTP-1, it also displayed pore size distribution that is twice as large. Furthermore, the presence of an alkyl chain linking the triazine units in ACTP-2 yielded a semi-crystalline polymer. At low pressure (up to 1 bar) and 298 K, ACTP-1 adsorbed significantly higher amount of CO2 (0.65 mmol g−1), implying that a planar building block is preferable to locate CO2 moieties. On the contrary, steric hindrance due to the bulkiness of the aromatic ring restricted the interaction between CO2 and amine functional group in ACTP-2. Hysteretic sorption of CO2 was observed in ACTP-2, indicating the flexibility of the polymer due to the pressure change effect. Isosteric heats for ACTP-1 and ACTP-2 were 35 kJ mol−1 and 22 kJ mol−1, respectively. An increase in the C/N ratio of the triazine polymer resulted in higher affinity towards CO2 that that towards N2. For ACTP-1, the CO2/N2 selectivity of CO2 : N2 in the ratio of 15 : 85 was 43 at 298 K and 1 bar, and it was superior than those of most of the covalent triazine frameworks (CTFs) reported in recent literature at low pressure.

New relation between viscosity and surface tension for pure hydrocarbon liquids

ABSTRACT A new relation between viscosity and surface tension is proposed and checked for 21 pure hydrocarbon liquids, and validated with the National Institute of Science and Technology data. The performance and accuracy of the proposed relation are compared with the reported empirical correlations in the form of absolute average deviation. The proposed relation remains valid for higher hydrocarbons (up to C25H52). A total of 418 data points for 21 pure hydrocarbon liquids were taken into consideration for checking the accuracy of the proposed relation. The proposed relation gives an absolute average deviation of 5.66%, indicating high accuracy of the proposed relation.

Synthesis and Characterization of Covalent Organic Polymer

Development of covalent organic polymer (COP) is a potential new class of adsorbent for gas separation due to their good hydrothermal stability, chemical tuning flexibility and low cost. COP-1 was prepared via one-step polycondensation of cyanuric chloride and piperazine under catalyst free and N2 atmosphere condition. The properties of COP-1 were characterized using several analytical methods such as Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR), solid Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (s-NMR), Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and N2 adsorption and desorption measurement. The C-N bond of COP-1 which has non-rigid framework was successfully linked in this study. It is found that COP-1 has low thermal degradation temperature i.e. 483 K. As compared to literature, lower surface area (75.5 m2/g) and slightly large pore size (8 nm) are noticed. The difference of physical properties of COP-1 synthesized between in this study and literature revealed the challenge of reproducibility for COP-1.

Effect of Superficial Gas Velocity on the Separation Efficiency of Inline Horizontal Swirl Tube Separator

The use of compact, inline separator has gain interest in the effort of reducing the size of topside facilities to reduce the capital cost associated with natural gas exploration. This paper discusses the effect of superficial gas velocity on the separation performance of an inline horizontal swirl tube separator. In this study, the superficial velocity is varied from a minimum of 5 m/s up to a maximum velocity of 12 m/s at different operating pressure. The pressure is varied from 40, 50 and 60 bars, corresponding to different centrifugal force on the incoming gas stream. Results shows that the best separation performance is achieve at higher operating pressure, in this case at 60 bar, regardless of the incoming fluid velocity and liquid load (of up to 30% by mass).

Novel Approach and Setup for Multi Component Mixtures Separation and Analysis at Offshore Conditions

The precious demand not in the push away and broad off from receive forward developed technology approaches place the hand almost several lacks of warns and in-needed developed technique and techniques for greater than before contract and analysis for several issues, no complimentary and talk to studies within the literature describe the system comes in multi component and dual phase particularly for those that ought to be investigated at offshore conditions, the novel technique and setup has been created for such scope, the recently developed set up has the flexibility to analyses the sorption isotherms and kinetic for multi component and dual phase mixtures (gas and vapor) at offshore conditions in term of temperature up to 150 oC and pressure up to 150 bar. Additionally to the pretreatment that would be finished to the sorbents used at temperatures up to 400 oC and vacuumed pressure. The primer experiments are done using 13 X zeolites for the sorption of pure CO2 and binary mixtures (CO2 and CH4) at elevated conditions.