Nusret Akpolat

Ameliorative Effects of Resveratrol on Acute Ovarian Toxicity Induced by Total Body Irradiation in Young Adult Rats

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to investigate the ovarian protective effects of resveratrol in rats exposed to total body irradiation. DESIGN Experimental study. SETTINGS University hospital. PARTICIPANTS AND INTERVENTIONS Thirty female rats were randomized into four groups: (1) control group (n = 7); (2) low-dose (10 mg/kg) resveratrol group (n = 8); (3) high-dose (100 mg/kg) resveratrol group (n =7); and (4) sham irradiation group (n = 8). The drugs were administered intraperitoneally as single doses, and the rats were exposed to total body radiation 24 h after the treatment. The animals were sacrificed the following day, and their ovaries were excised for histopathological and biochemical analysis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The ovarian follicle counts were calculated, and irradiation-dependent ovarian damage and tissue levels of antioxidant enzymes were evaluated. RESULTS Group 2 and Group 3 showed significantly higher numbers of total follicle counts compared with Group 1 (P < 0.01). The low-dose resveratrol treatment was associated with significantly higher numbers of primary follicles than the high-dose group. The tissue activities of glutathione peroxidase (GsH-Px) and catalase (CAT) were significantly elevated in the resveratrol-treated animals. Evaluation of ovarian histology revealed no remarkable changes in fibrosis and leucocyte infiltration among the resveratrol-treated and control rats; however, vascularity was significantly reduced in the high-dose group (P = 0.014). CONCLUSION Resveratrol attenuated irradiation-dependent ovarian damage, suggesting that this natural antioxidant is effective in reducing the follicle loss induced by ionizing radiation.

The changes in tear film parameters and impression cytology in heavily drinking men.

Purpose: To evaluate the tear film function and ocular surface changes in heavily drinking men. Methods: This prospective case–control study involved 35 male subjects with heavy alcohol consumption (group 1) and 35 age- and sex-matched control subjects (group 2). Best-corrected visual acuity measurement, slit-lamp examination, Schirmer I test, tear film break-up time (BUT) measurement, and conjunctival impression cytology were performed in all subjects. The results were compared between the 2 groups. Results: The mean Schirmer I test results in group 1 and group 2 were 8.31 ± 3.56 mm and 13.17 ± 5.71 mm, respectively, and the mean BUT values were 9.22 ± 3.10 seconds and 13.20 ± 4.04 seconds, respectively. The mean Schirmer I and BUT results were statistically lower in group 1 than in group 2 (P < 0.0001). The mean impression cytology scores in group 1 and group 2 were 2.08 ± 0.78 and 1.37 ± 0.94, respectively. A statistically significant difference was noted between the study and control groups for the grading of cytological changes (P = 0.001). Conclusions: Our data showed that heavily drinking men have decreased tear production, tear film instability, and significant degeneration of the ocular surface epithelium when compared with normal subjects.

The ocular surface in the Behçet's disease patient

OBJECTIVE Evaluation of the morphological changes in conjunctival surface epithelial cells with impression cytology in Behçets disease patients. PATIENTS A total of 89 eyes of 89 subjects were included. These consisted of 56 patients with inactive Behçets disease (group 1) and a control group of 33 age- and sex-matched subjects (group 2). METHODS Schirmer-I and break-up time (BUT) tests were used to evaluate the tear film of the subjects. Impression cytology was used to evaluate morphological changes of the conjunctival surface epithelial cells. The results of the 2 groups were compared. RESULTS The mean Schirmer-I test result was 8.59 ± 4.83 in group 1 and 14.52 ± 6.38 in group 2. There was a statistically significant difference between the 2 groups for this test (p = 0.001). The mean BUT test value was 10.05 ± 3.26 in group 1 and 13.64 ± 4.28 in group 2. There was a statistically significant difference between the 2 groups for this test (p = 0.001). The mean impression cytology score was 1.65 ± 0.90 in group 1 and 1.39 ± 0.96 in group 2. There was no statistically significant difference between the 2 groups when the cytology grade score was compared (p = 0.227). We found no statistically significant difference for age, gender, disease duration, systemic drug use, Schirmer-I, BUT, and impression cytology degrees between the Behçets disease patients with and without ocular involvement (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS We found that there was a statistically significant difference between Behçets disease patients and normal subjects regarding the ocular film layer, but no difference regarding conjunctival surface epithelial morphology.

Effects of lapatinib and trastuzumab on vascular endothelial growth factor in experimental corneal neovascularization.

The aim of this study was to compare the effects of lapatinib and trastuzumab on vascular endothelial growth factor on experimental corneal neovascularization.

The role of apparent diffusion coefficient values in differentiation between adrenal masses

The aim of this study was to evaluate the utility of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values in differentiation between solid adrenal masses. The ADC values of 73 adrenal lesions (54 benign, 19 malignant) in 69 patients were measured at b 100, 600 and 1000 gradients on diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI). No statistically significant difference was found between ADC values of benign and malignant adrenal masses, nonadenomatous benign adrenal masses and malignant adrenal masses, adrenal adenomas and nonadenomatous lesions, adenomas and metastases, adenomas and pheochromocytomas, metastases and pheochromocytomas. ADC values are not helpful in the differentiation between solid adrenal masses.

Comparison of efficiency of intravitreal ceftazidime and intravitreal cefepime in the treatment of experimental Pseudomonas aeruginosa endophthalmitis.

In this study, we evaluated the efficiency of cefepime in the treatment of experimental Pseudomonas aeruginosa endophthalmitis. We compared the findings with the standard dose of ceftazidime (1 mg/0.1 ml). Thirty-six New-Zealand White rabbits were divided into 6 equal groups and were treated with different methods (Group 1 = sham, Group 2 = 0.5 mg/0.1 ml cefepime, Group 3 = 1 mg/0.1 ml cefepime, Group 4 = 2 mg/0.1 ml cefepime, Group 5 = 1 mg/0.1 ml ceftazidime, Group 6 = control). The eyes of rabbits in each group were examined clinically on 1st, 3rd, and 6th day of the experiment. At 6th day, 0.1 ml vitreous humor aspirates were obtained and plated for quantification on the blood agar and the results were expressed as colony-forming unit/ml. Subsequently, the eyeballs were enucleated and the histopathological evaluation was performed. Our findings denoted beneficial effects of cefepime in treatment groups (especially, in Groups 3 and 4). Intravitreal cefepime may be an alternative drug in the treatment of P. aeruginosa endophthalmitis.

Primary Small Cell Carcinoma in Urinary Bladder: A Rare Case.

Small cell carcinoma of bladder, which does not have a common and accepted treatment protocol, is a rare and highly aggressive tumor. It is mostly pulmonary originated; however, it can rarely be seen in extrapulmonary sites. We presented an interesting and uncommon case, in which the transitional cell tumor was found in the transurethral resection specimen, but the small cell carcinoma was detected in the final radical cystectomy material.

How do vegetable oils (hazelnut and canola) affect the reproductive system in male rats

OBJECTIVE Vegetable oils have an important place in our daily diet. This study starts from this point to investigate the effects of canola oil and hazelnut oil in the male reproductive system in rats. MATERIAL AND METHODS 30 male rats were used in this 16-week study. The animals were divided into three groups: the animals in group I served as the control group, while the animals in group II and group III were fed with hazelnut and canola oil, respectively. The testes of all rats were excised for histopathologic evaluation and immunohistochemical (IHC) evaluation with a standard method. Blood samples were obtained for determination of serum hormone levels. RESULTS No significant differences were noted with respect to behavior or weight among the three groups. Rats in the canola oil group (group III) had higher luteinizing hormone (LH) and higher testosterone levels than rats in the control group. Rats who received hazelnut oil (group II) exhibited similar findings, with these levels being higher than they were in the control group. No statistical differences were shown for histopathology or IHC testosterone antibody levels across all treatment groups. Conclussion: Canola oil was shown to have a greater effect on serum LH and testosterone compared to the control group and the group fed with hazelnut oil. Further investigation is required into how these oils affect serum hormone and sperm activity.

Endoscopic Transoral Resection of Parapharyngeal Osteoma: A Case Report.

Osteoma is a benign, mesenchymal, slow-growing, osteogenic tumor commonly occurring in the craniofacial bones and is characterized by the proliferation of compact or cancellous bone. Solitary osteomas can be classified as peripheral (parosteal, periosteal, or exophytic) when arising from the periosteum or central (endosteal) when arising from soft tissue. Peripheral osteoma occurs most frequently in the paranasal sinuses. Other locations include the orbital wall, temporal bone, pterygoid processes, external ear canal, and, rarely, the mandible. Osteomas in the oromandibular region often appear in the jaw in the canine fossa, hard palate, and maxillary sinus and in the lower jaw in the inner mandible and outer circumference and lingual side of the molar region. At radiologic imaging, a peripheral osteoma of the mandible appears as a well-circumscribed, round to oval, mushroom-like radiopaque mass with distinct borders. Computed tomography is the best imaging modality for determining the location and actual extension of the lesion. Parapharyngeal space tumors are rare tumors of the head and neck region. Benign tumors of the parapharyngeal space are more common than malignant tumors. A foreign body sensation in the pharynx, difficulty with deglutition, and hoarseness are symptoms generally related to the position of the tumor. Upper airway obstruction, painful throat, unilateral tinnitus, trismus, dysarthria, glossopharyngeal neuralgia, and cranial nerve palsies are other reported symptoms. This report presents the case of a huge osteoma of the left mandibular condyle extending to the parapharyngeal space.