Nyi Mekar Saptarini

Chromatogram profiles of andrographolide in A23187-induced New Zealand rabbit's urine and faeces

This study was designed to assess the analgesic and antiinflammatory actions of an aqueous ethanolic extract of Lagerstroemia speciosa L. (Family: Lythraceae). The analgesic investigations were carried out against two types of noxious stimuli, chemical (formalin-induced pain and acetic acid-induced writhing) and thermal (hotplate and tail immersion tests). The effects of standard drugs, aspirin and naloxone pretreatments were also studied. For antiinflammatory activities, the carrageenan -induced oedema of the hind paw of rats was used and the paw volume measured plethysmometrically 3h after injection. This was compared to a standard drug aspirin (300 mg/kg). The results were subjected to statistical analysis. The crude plant extract significantly increased the reaction time of hotplate and immersion tests. It decreased the writhings of acetic acid-induced abdominal contractions and lickings of formalin-induced pain. Aspirin had no effect on hotplate and tail immersion tests but showed an effect on writhing test. These results showed that the plant had both central and peripheral acting effects and this was confirmed by its effect on both phases of formalin-induced pain. The extract also significantly decreased the rat paw oedema volume at 200 mg/kg and above. In conclusion, Lagerstroemia speciosa has central and peripheral analgesic properties as well as antiinflammatory activities. Abstract This study was designed to assess the analgesic and antiinflammatory actions of an aqueous ethanolic extract of Lagerstroemia speciosa L. (Family: Lythraceae). The analgesic investigations were carried out against two types of noxious stimuli, chemical (formalin-induced pain and acetic acid-induced writhing) and thermal (hotplate and tail immersion tests). The effects of standard drugs, aspirin and naloxone pretreatments were also studied. For antiinflammatory activities, the carrageenan -induced oedema of the hind paw of rats was used and the paw volume measured plethysmometrically 3h after injection. This was compared to a standard drug aspirin (300 mg/kg). The results were subjected to statistical analysis. The crude plant extract significantly increased the reaction time of hotplate and immersion tests. It decreased the writhings of acetic acid-induced abdominal contractions and lickings of formalin-induced pain. Aspirin had no effect on hotplate and tail immersion tests but showed an effect on writhing test. These results showed that the plant had both central and peripheral acting effects and this was confirmed by its effect on both phases of formalin-induced pain. The extract also significantly decreased the rat paw oedema volume at 200 mg/kg and above. In conclusion, Lagerstroemia speciosa has central and peripheral analgesic properties as well as antiinflammatory activities.

Acute and Subchronic Toxicities of Indonesian Mistletoes Dendrophthoe pentandra L. (Miq.) Ethanol Extract

Traditionally mistletoes Dendrophthoe pentandra (L.) Miq known in Indonesia is to cure cough, hypertension, diabetes, cancer, ulcers, smallpox, diuretic, skin infection and after child-birth. Previously we reported its total flavonoid content and antiinflammatory properties. This article reports the acute and subchronic toxicity testing. Acute toxicity aims to determine the toxic dose of Dendrophthoe pentandra ethanol extract in mice that expressed in LD50 using probit log chart. Subchronic toxicity aims to look at the security level of long-term use of the extract. For the acute toxicity test done within approximately 14 days while the subchronic toxicity tests carried out for a period of 121 days. Animals were sacrificed and examined organs and histopathologic index. The results showed LD50 values for acute toxicity seen in the observations at a dose of 20 g/kg which might cause mortality of 50% in mice. A dose of 20 g / kg in mice was comparable to a dose of 14 g/kg in rat. From the subchronic observation test and from the observation group and Satellite Test found any swelling suspected tumor. In the Test group occurred Lymphoma severe, and in the group of satellites could be seen the rest of the connective tissue and inflammation. These tumors could be associated with a given dose of the extract, because the control group, did not happen the same as in the other two groups were given the extract. Data showed that the results SGOT of test group was greater than the control group, but the value was still approaching the reference value. While the results of SGPT levels of test group was smaller than the control group, but the overall value of SGPT much larger than the reference value that indicated liver damage. It was found in the kidney test that creatinine values of all groups were still within the range of the reference value. From these results it can be concluded ethanol extract Dendrophthoe pentandra have LD50 values which have toxicological significance is not toxic but is not recommended to be used for a long periode.

HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY FOR α-MANGOSTIN ANALYSIS IN MANGOSTEEN PERICARP EXTRACT FOR ROUTINE ANALYSIS WITH PHOTODIODE ARRAY DETECTOR

The analytical methods for the standardization of α-mangostin are needed to set up a routine of a validated method for quality control of α-mangostin from Garcinia mangostana L. using HPLC methods. This study was aimed to validate the analytical method of High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) for α-mangostin analysis with Photodiode Array (PDA). The analysis was conducted by HPLC with octadecyl silanol column, methanol and acetic acid 1% as a mobile phase and PDA detection at 243 nm. The coefficient correlation of analytical method was was 0.9999, the variation was less than 2%, LOD was 0.671 ppm, and LOQ was 2.174 ppm. The level of α-mangostin in mangosteen pericarp extract from Tasikmalaya was 8.56 ± 0.003%. The analytical method was met the validation criteria. The PDA sensitivity was 68.28% higher than UV-Vis detector.

Comparative Antioxidant Activity on The Ficus benjamina and Annona reticulata Leaves

Received Dec 12, 2014 Revised Jan 20, 2015 Accepted Feb 06, 2015 Antioxidants can prevent free radical formation. Natural antioxidants found in many plants, such as Ficus benjamina and Annona reticulata. The study aimed to compare the antioxidant activity of extracts and fractions of Ficus benjamina and Annona reticulata leaves against 1,1-diphenyl-2picrilhydrazyl. The steps of this study consist of extraction, fractionation with n-hexane, ethyl acetate and water, phytochemical screening, antioxidant activity determination, and comparing the IC50 values. Percentage scavenging activity of the extracts and fractions against DPPH was calculated to determine the antioxidant activity. The IC50 value of Ficus benjamina was 127.86 ppm for ethanolic extract, 94.01 ppm for water fraction, 115.48 ppm for ethyl acetate fraction, and 335.50 ppm for n-hexane fraction. The IC50 value of Annona reticulata was 274.31 ppm for ethanolic extract, 211.42 ppm for water fraction, 367.91 ppm for ethyl acetate fraction, and 741.08 ppm for n-hexane fraction. The results showed that the Ficus benjamina water fraction was the best antioxidant compared to other extract and fraction. Keyword: