O. A. Gromova

Synergistic application of zinc and vitamin C to support memory, attention and the reduction of the risk of the neurological diseases

Zinc and vitamin C supplementation of the body is important for CNS functioning. Zinc ions are involved in the neurotransmission (signal transmission from acetylcholine, catecholamine, serotonin, prostaglandin receptors) and in ubiquitin-related protein degradation. Zinc deficits are associated with Alzheimers disease and depression. Zinc supplementation (10-30 mg daily) improves neurologic recovery rate in patients with stroke and brain injury, has a positive impact on memory and reduces hyperactivity in children. Vitamin C, a zinc synergist, maintains antioxidant resources of the brain, synaptic activity and detoxification. Vitamin C in dose 130-500 mg daily should be used to prevent dementia and neurodegenerative pathology.

Roles of myo-inositol in maintaining women’s reproductive health. Increase effectiveness of in vitro fertilization techniques

Myo-inositol is an essential component of human metabolome: for at least 120 inositol phosphate-dependent proteins, there is reliable information about their specific participation in maintaining of reproductive system functioning, embryo development, fetal brain neuroprotection, and insulin signaling cascade activity. Accordingly, metabolic disorders of the myo-inositol lead to insulin resistance, cell resistance to gonadotropin-releasing hormone, follicle-stimulating and luteinizing hormones, ovulation disorders, inhibition of oocyte maturation. An involvement of myo-inositol phospho derivatives in intracellular signal transmission from reproductive hormones receptors determines effectiveness of myo-inositol drug action on normalizing processes of reproductive hormone levels and ovulation. Use of the myo-inositol is effective in the treatment of polycystic ovarian syndrome and reduces a risk of folate-resistant developmental malformations. It is also promising to use the myo-inositol for in vitro fertilization (IVF) preparation. Meta-analyzes of randomized trials have confirmed myo-inositol efficacy (2–4 g/day, at least 3 months) in increasing of frequency of pregnancy in infertile women who undergo induction of ovulation or in vitro embryo transplantation. The data cited above indicate importance of establishing availability of myo-inositol to patients undergoing the IVF, as myo-inositol level in the blood is an important biomarker of women’s somatic and reproductive health. An effective method of correcting reproductive disorders in women is the use of myo-inositol (especially in combination with folates).

The Adaptogenic and Neuroprotective Properties of Lithium Ascorbate

Objectives. To study the neuroprotective properties of lithium ascorbate (LA) in in vivo and in vitro stress models. Materials and methods. Neurocytological and behavioral studies were run in models of stress in nerve cell cultures and experimental animals. Results. LA was shown to have a marked neuroprotective effect in conditions of glutamate-induced cytotoxicity in vitro and an adaptogenic effect on induction of stress in vivo. Conclusions. The results obtained here demonstrated that LA has high neuroprotective potential in stress induced in vivo and in vitro.

Molecular mechanisms of action of glucosamine sulfate in the treatment of degenerative-dystrophic diseases of the joints and spine: results of proteomic analysis

Objective : to carry out a systems analysis of the molecular mechanisms of action of the chondroprotector Sustaguard® Arthro based on the microcrystalline pharmaceutical substance glucosamine sulfate (GS) manufactured by Bioiberica S.A.U. (Spain). Material and methods . The systems analysis of the molecular mechanisms was based on literature data and proteomic databases through machine learning systems. Results and discussion . GS interacts with the receptors CD44, TLR4, and ICAM1 on the surface of chondrocytes, inhibits the proinflammatory transcription factor NF-κ B and the cytokine signaling pathway JAK/STAT, and regulates the synthesis of IgA, the migration of leukocytes, and the activity of hematopoietin and interferon receptors. Conclusion . The findings indicate that there are molecular mechanisms of synergism between glucosamine and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in the therapy of cartilage tissue pathology.

Vitamin D and estrogen-dependent tumors

Vitamin D is characterized by undeniable antitumor properties that are important for both prevention and treatment of tumor diseases. The results of a systematic analysis of the molecular mechanisms of antitumor effects of vitamin D (inhibition of the Wnt/b-catenin cascade, the transcription factor WSTF) and the results of clinical studies of patients with estrogen-dependent tumors are presented, indicating the promise of combined use of estrogen and vitamin D.

A study of the neuroprotective effect of mexidol on the cell model of glutamate stress

AIM To study a neuroprotective effect of mexidol on the cell model of glutamate stress. MATERIAL AND METHODS Cytological studies of an effect of glutamate stress on cerebellar granule cells were carried out. RESULTS Mexidol increased neuronal survival after the addition of glutamate by 8-10% (p<0.05). The effect of mexidol was more pronounced at the stage of neuron culture growth (5 days), cell survivability increased on average by 20%. CONCLUSION The results of the study confirmed the neuroprotective effect of mexidol in the neuronal culture in glutamate toxicity model.

Хемореактомный анализ молекул тиамина дисульфида, тиамина гидрохлорида и бенфотиамина

Objective: to analyze the interactions that could indicate the potential pharmacological properties of the molecules of thiamin, thiamine disulfide, and others. Material and methods. The investigators simulated the properties of thiamine disulfide (bistiamin) versus those of the reference molecules of thiamin hydrochloride and benfotiamine. The study was performed using chemoreactomic simulation that is the newest area in post-genome pharmacology. Results and discussion. Chemoreactomic analysis has shown that thiamine disulfide can inhibit the molecular receptors involved in blood pressure regulation: adrenoceptors, vasopressin receptor, and angiotensin receptor. Thiamine disulfide can inhibit the reuptake of serotonin, increase its levels, inhibit benzodiazepine receptor and dopamine reuptake, and enhance neuronal acetylcholine release to a large extent than benfotiamine. These molecular effects are consistent with the sedative and anticonvulsant action profile of thiamine disulfide. Simulation has indicated that thiamine disulfide has neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, normolipidemic, and antitumor activities. Conclusion. The simulation results are confirmed by the available clinical and experimental findings and indicate the virtually unstudied molecular mechanisms of action of thiamine disulfide, benfotiamine, and thiamin hydrochloride.

Молекулярные эффекты хондрогарда при остеоартрите и грыжах межпозвоночного диска

Chondroitin sulfates (CS) are a building material for the cartilage and have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. The paper gives the results of analyzing the pharmaceutical composition of chondroguard and its pharmaceutical substance CS-BIOACTIVE (CS-BIOACTIVE©Bioiberika S.A.U., Spain). It discusses the molecular-physiological mechanisms of action of CS in intervertebral disc extrusions and protrusions.

Proteomic analysis of magnesium-dependent proteins and children’s health

Systems biology analysis of over 700 magnesium-dependent proteins in human proteome shown that these proteins affect (1) the embryonic development, (2) energy metabolism, (3) signal transduction processes from receptors, (4) neurological function, (5) support of connective tissue structure, (6) cardiovascular and (7) immunological roles. Magnesium deficiency during pregnancy will stimulate development of congential malformations (skeletal defects, rickets, hernia of the diaphragm, facial defects, craniosynostosis, structural disorders of the retina and vision, brachydactyly). Magnesium deficiency at an early age is associated with sudden death syndrome in preschool and adolescence leads to impaired function of skeletal muscles and myocardium. Magnesium deficiency is also characterized by mitochondrial disorders, hyperinsulinemia, disorders of the skin structure and its appendages, tumors and diseases associated with impaired energy metabolism (including hypoparathyroidism and anemia). Effects of magnesium deficiency in children significantly heavier on the background of lack of vitamin B6 (pyridoxine). The results of proteomic analysis enable to point out the relevant molecular and physiological mechanisms of synergy between magnesium and pyridoxine. Overall, the results of the analysis indicate a very extensive area for the correction of magnesium and pyridoxine deficiency for the prevention and treatment of a wide range of diseases, from the period of fetal development and early childhood through adolescence.

Adaptogenic and neuroprotective effects of lithium ascorbate

OBJECTIVE Investigation of the neuroprotective properties of lithium ascorbate on the stress models in vivo and in vitro. MATERIAL AND METHODS Neurocytological and behavioral studies on nerve cell culture and animal stress models. RESULTS Significant neuroprotective effect of lithium ascorbate in neuronal cultures exposed to glutamate toxicity and adaptogenic effect of this drug in stress model in rats were shown. CONCLUSION The results suggest lithium ascorbate has a high neuroprotective potential in stress models in vivo and in vitro.