O. Sedlář

Influence of precipitation amount during grain filling on nitrogen uptake and grain yield of spring barley fertilized by ammonium injection

The aim of this study was to observe the influence of the amount of precipitation during the grain filling period on nitrogen uptake and grain yield of spring barley fertilized by ammonium injection. Conventional nitrogen fertilization before sowing and CULTAN (Controlled Uptake Long Term Ammonium Nutrition) injection fertilization were compared during a 5-year small-plot field experiment under the conditions of Central Europe. In contrast to conventional nitrogen fertilization, with the CULTAN treatment there was observed no significantly negative effect of below-average precipitation during the grain filling period on post-heading (BBCH 51) nitrogen uptake from the soil with applications of 80 and 130 kg N.ha−1, grain yield, nitrogen uptake efficiency (NUpE) and thousand-grain weight with an application of 80 kg N.ha−1, nor there was a significantly positive effect on the contribution of nitrogen translocation to total nitrogen in the grain with an application of 130 kg N.ha−1. CULTANtreated plants achi...

Winter wheat fertilizing using nitrogen–sulphur fertilizer

Precise field experiments were established on two sites with winter wheat under different soil-climatic conditions in the Czech Republic. Four treatments were fertilized with same dose of nitrogen (200 kg N ha−1) and increasing dose of sulphur (0, 10, 20 and 40 kg S ha−1) using nitrogen–sulphur (N–S) fertilizer with calcium sulphate form. Soil and plant aboveground biomass samples were taken in the stages of development BBCH 26–28; 30–32; 37–39; 49–51. The winter wheat grain yield ranged between 7.20 and 10.86 t ha−1 and had an increasing trend with increasing sulphur dose. Although the differences were usually not statistically significant, there were found increasing tendencies of bioavailable sulphur content in soil with increasing S split doses. Soil S content decreased with time probably due to plant uptake. Sulphur dose did not influence the S content in plant aboveground biomass. The total S contents in grain after harvest ranged between 0.09% and 0.14% and were not significantly influenced with the fertilizing treatment. The same statement is valid for the S content in straw, which ranged between 0.03% and 0.11%. Both, S content in winter wheat seeds and straw were strongly influenced by the site conditions.

Nitrogen uptake by winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) depending on fertilizer application

The influence of the injection of nitrogen fertilizers with the CULTAN system (Controlled Uptake Long Term Ammonium Nutrition) on nitrogen uptake by winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was observed at small-plot field experiments under conditions of the Czech Republic (central Europe) during 2007–2013. The CULTAN system consisting in the injection of all the nitrogen in one dose was compared with conventional broadcast surface fertilization which is carried out in three partial nitrogen doses. The total nitrogen dosage was 150 kg N.ha−1. If the CULTAN fertilization was carried out at the beginning of tillering of winter wheat (BBCH 22) instead of at the end of tillering (BBCH 29), the CULTAN-treated winter wheat did not suffer from nitrogen deficiency at the BBCH 45 (boot stage) and BBCH 51 (beginning of heading) growth stages. Nitrogen utilization efficiency and biomass production efficiency were significantly higher with the CULTAN treatment compared to the conventional fertilization whereas nitrogen up...

Influence of nitrogen injection application on zinc and iron uptake by winter wheat and spring barley.

Influence of CULTAN method (Controlled Uptake Long Term Ammonium Nutrition) on the iron and zinc uptake by winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) was observed at four-year small-plot field experiments under conditions of the Czech Republic. No significant differences in iron and zinc concentration in grain of winter wheat as well as spring barley between conventional and CULTAN treatment were found. Neither increased supply of nitrogen fertilizer nor sulphur containing fertilizer resulted in significant differences in iron and zinc concentration in grain of winter wheat as well as spring barley at both nitrogen nutrition systems. No significant differences in sulphur concentration in aboveground biomass of winter wheat and spring barley between conventional and CULTAN treatment were recorded. Iron and zinc harvest index were not influenced by the CULTAN system. Because of no significant differences in iron and zinc concentration in grain of winter wheat as well as spring barley between conventional and CULTAN treatment, it can be assumed that nitrogen is taken up by CULTAN-treated plants in nitrate form.

Evaluating of soil sulfur forms changes under different fertilizing systems during long-term field experiments

The aim of this work was to evaluate the changes of different soil sulfur forms during long-term field experiments supplied with sewage sludge (SS), farmyard manure (FYM) or mineral fertilizers. The experiment was established at three different sites with the crop rotation of potatoes, wheat and barley. Fertilizing system was based on the same nitrogen dose per the whole crop rotation. Soil samples from the beginning of the experiment (1996) and at the end of each crop rotation were analysed after all three crops harvest. Similar tendencies of changes in water extractable (Sw), adsorbed (Sads), 1 mol/L HCl estimated (SHCL) sulfur and their sum of (∑S) related to the fertilizing systems were observed among all studied sites. A decreasing tendency of ∑S in soil was observed during the experiment (except for the year 2005). The biggest decrease was always visible compared to control treatment. Mineral fertilizers (S added with superphosphate) appeared to be the best source of SHCL. Application of SS increased the Sw content in soil samples after potatoes harvest, whereas a decreasing tendency among the following crops was visible.

Comparison of point injection and top-dressing application of nitrogen fertilizers with sulphur addition in winter rape (Brassica napus L.) in the Czech Republic

In this paper, we are analyzing the yield and yield parameters of winter rape, fertilized using CULTAN system (Controlled Uptake Long Term Ammonium Nutrition) in comparison with top-dressing application of nitrogen fertilizers, which were studied on Haplic Luvisol over 5 years. No significant differences in seed yields between the two systems of fertilization were observed in 2008, 2009 and 2011. The effect of sulphur on a higher seed yield was proved in 2010 and 2012. The seed yield was higher by 11.4% in the treatments with sulphur amendment regardless of the system of fertilization in 2010. The seed yield was higher by 18.2 % in the CULTAN treatment with sulphur adittion in comparison to CULTAN treatment with no sulphur added in 2012. Nitrogen supply was ample in the first flowers open growth stage of winter rape in 2009, 2010 and 2012. The plant height was significantly lower after CULTAN method and as well as higher values of 1000 seed weight were recorded in comparison to top-dressing application in 2009. Nitrogen uptake by seed dry matter was the highest in the year 2009, which corresponds to the achieved seed yields this year.