Odilanei Morais dos Santos

Lobbying na Regulação Contábil: Evidências do Setor Petrolífero

This work aims to identify the determining factors in the submission of comment letters to the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) on the discussion paper Extractive Activities as a lobbying strategy in the context of accounting regulation. The results show that size is a determining factor in all models used, indicating that large oil companies are more likely to lobby. This tendency is especially evident for companies that are predominantly opposed to the IASB proposals, which suggests that the IASBs review/replacement of International Financial Reporting Standards 6 (IFRS 6) will be a complex process subject to pressure from oil companies to maintain the status quo.

O custo de abandono nas empresas petrolíferas

As atividades petroliferas sao tipicamente de alto risco e, consequentemente, de altos premios, quando do sucesso do esforco exploratorio. Nesse contexto, o custo de abandono e um componente fundamental em qualquer analise de viabilidade economica de projetos de exploracao e producao de oleo e gas. Tais custos sao extremamente elevados e chegam a exceder, em alguns casos, aos investimentos incorridos para a construcao da infraestrutura e instalacao dos equipamentos necessarios a producao. O objetivo deste estudo e investigar o arcabouco teorico e normativo do reconhecimento contabil do custo de abandono na contabilidade das empresas petroliferas, contribuindo para o entendimento adequado das informacoes contabeis dessas empresas. Para tanto, desenvolveu-se um estudo exploratorio-descritivo das normas contabeis aplicaveis ao custo de abandono nas empresas petroliferas. As estimativas do custo de abandono devem ser consideradas como parte dos custos capitalizados do ativo (pocos, equipamentos e instalacoes), tendo como contrapartida no passivo, o valor correspondente as obrigacoes futuras do desmantelamento, remocao e restauracao dos campos petroliferos. Tal pratica foi implementada pelo SFAS 143 para dar uniformidade as informacoes divulgadas pelas empresas do setor, ante a diversidade de praticas anteriormente existentes.

EXTRACTIVE ACTIVITIES: EVIDÊNCIAS EMPIRÍCAS AO DISCUSSION PAPER DO IASB

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo fornecer evidencias empiricas a questoes chaves do Discussion Paper Extractive Activities colocadas em discussao pelo International Accounting Standard Board e que tratam da norma contabil internacional aplicavel as empresas extrativistas. Trata-se de contribuicao efetiva da academia ao processo de regulacao contabil internacional. Para operacionalizar os estudos, utilizou-se a base de dados da Evaluate Energy®, empregando-se regressoes com dados em painel a diversos planos amostrais contendo informacoes de empresas petroliferas. Os resultados indicaram que o atual conjunto de informacoes baseado no custo historico e relevante para as decisoes economicas dos participantes do mercado de capitais. Assim, tem-se um cenario para se acreditar na manutencao do status quo vigente.

Accounting of petroleum companies: the abandonment cost

As caracteristicas das empresas petroliferas fazem com que o sistema de informacao contabil para esse tipo de industria apresente particularidades contabeis relacionadas diretamente as atividades de exploracao e producao de petroleo (E&P). O objetivo deste artigo e investigar o arcabouco teorico e normativo da contabilidade do setor petrolifero, focando principalmente os aspectos relacionados ao custo de abandono de pocos, o que contribui para que as informacoes contabeis sejam apresentadas num melhor nivel de disclosure . Para tanto foi desenvolvido um estudo exploratorio-comparativo das normas da oil and gas accounting. De forma pragmatica, os custos de abandono (ato de tamponar o poco e tira-lo de servico ou de atividade, reverter, alienar ou remover qualquer instalacao construida nele) devem ser considerados como parte dos custos capitalizados do ativo (pocos, equipamentos e instalacoes), tendo como contrapartida, no passivo, o valor correspondente a obrigacao futura do desmantelamento, remocao e restauracao. Os resultados indicaram a existencia de inconsistencias e ausencias de determinacoes mais claras nas normas contabeis relacionadas a industria petrolifera, comprometendo em parte a qualidade das informacoes divulgadas pelas empresas do setor. Palavras-chave: custo de abandono, E&P, contabilidade de oleo e gas, SFAS 143.

Analysis of the disclosure of the information about impairment of long-lived oil companies assets

The objective of this study consists in analyzing the compliance levels of the accounting statements of the oil companies as to the required evidences contained on SFAS 144 e IAS 36, referring to the application of the impairment of long-lived assets associated to the activities of oil and gas exploration and production. This is a descriptive study, established through researches, such as: (a) bibliographic – the study of the rules related to the impairment; and (b) documental – to analyze whether the information disclosed by oil companies were, in fact, adherent. The results show that among the thirteen companies analyzed, only Conoco Phillips and Petrobras were totally adherent with the requirements of SFAS 144 (Group 1), while British Petroleum was the only one which got totally complied on group two, as to observing the requirements of IAS 36. Thus, the study shows the necessity of the surveyed companies to improve their level of information evidence, in order to suit the normative rules and, last but not least, the needs of information from the users.

O FIM DO OFF-BALANCE SHEET EM PROJECT FINANCE: UM ESTUDO DOS ASPECTOS CONTÁBEIS DA CONSOLIDAÇÃO DE SOCIEDADES DE PROPÓSITO ESPECÍFICO

The main intention of this communication is to show that throughout the history of Humanity the disciplines of Accounting and Mathematics have had an intimate connection and a parallel development, one next to the other. Today, as well as in the past, the mathematical models are necessary and we would even say indispensable to deepen the discussion, and to be able to advance in our collective intention to formalize our accounting discipline as a science. With the development of this investigation we try to contribute to the improvement of the quality of accounting education, by studying how accounting is taught, and based on this analysis, to promote pertinent changes in the curricula of Public Accountants office, particularly regarding contents, methodologies, bibliography and evaluation . To contribute concrete tools of analyses, that allow the focus of education on mathematical issues in a local, regional and national context, and which in addition may have parameters of evaluation, analysis and synthesis, on the aspects that concern the suitable use of mathematics in the development of the Public Accountant’s daily tasks, in order to improve their processes of analysis and decision making.On the basis of the principles of a global society, a New Economy is emerging. The Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is an increasingly important topic in the New Economy in general, and in the European Union in particular. Thus, an important role is played by companies’ social responsibility to achieve Lisbon Summit goal “the most competitive and dynamic knowledge-based economy in the world”. The CSR reporting has a triple-bottom line approach in the assessment of a company’s performance: the economic, the environment and the social factors. Mutatis mutandis, more and more the assessment of company’s competitiveness takes into account the principles of sustainability. The link between the intangible assets and CSR is intimate and multifaceted. In order to develop company’s abilities to create future economic value, one step should consist in the expansion of the financial reporting process in order to incorporate the valuation of a company’s intangible and intellectual assets. These mentioned factors have become most important to business success and economic growth in the 21st century.This paper provides an analysis of the financial conditions and activities developed by the construction companies in The Canary Islands during the period 2000-2002. The analyzed sample is composed of 318 companies that were involved in production activities during the period considered. Firstly, a descriptive analysis of the composition of the sample is made, in reference to the age, legal status and nature and conditions of companies that have been audited or not audited. It was also considered advisable to classify the set of economic units based on turnover, assets and the number of workers, in order to obtain a better idea of the size of each company. In order to perform the economic and financial analysis of assets and the activities d carried out by the companies of the sector, we examined balance sheets and the income statements, along with profitability and solvency. In order to complete the analysis and place it in context, we conclude with a reference to the economic framework and expectations of the sector, as well as the competitive position of the Canary Islands construction sector and its future perspectives.This article provides an overall tax analysis of the complexity of the Portuguese tax system. Before discussing whether we should change the way we tax ourselves, it will be useful to compare the Portuguese tax system to other OCDE and European countries. However, the main aim of this study is to discuss the main aspects that make the Portuguese tax system complex and difficult to enforce. Then, in order to simplify the Portuguese tax system, we will focus on economic, administrative and legislative issues that have introduced some kind of complexity in the tax system.