Ogenyi Omar

International airport influences on impulsive shopping: trait and normative approach

Airport shopping is characteristically related to airport environmental conditions. Although consumption‐related emotions have been studied with increasing frequency in consumer behaviour, issues concerning the evaluation of emotions leading to impulse purchasing and airport environment effect remain hidden in academic context. Airport shoppers tend to make impulse purchases, however, previous studies relating to impulse purchases did not have the shopper as an independent variable. This research paper presents conceptual and empirical evidence that airport shoppers’ self‐assessment (judgement) about the appropriateness of engaging in impulse shopping behaviour moderates the relationship between the airport influences on impulse shopping and consumers’ buying behaviours. The study found that the relationship between airport impulsive shopping and the related shopping behaviour is significant only when airport shoppers believe that acting on impulse is appropriate. This finding supports the proposition for moderating airport shoppers’ self‐evaluations.

Marketing practices of African and Caribbean small businesses in London, UK

Presents an assessment of the marketing practices among African and Caribbean small businesses in London. Findings reveal the patchy application of an adapted market orientation framework; also indicates “informal” marketing deliberations taking place and is consistent with Stokes and Blackburn’s assertion that marketing in the small business sector seems to be an informal and unplanned activity that relies on the intuition and energy of the owner‐manager. The study was undertaken in response to calls for marketing‐related research in this sector and the results provide valuable insights into the UK’s intercultural dynamics. The study reveals considerable degree of evenness between the ease or difficulty of securing bank loans. The paper concludes by drawing attention to managerial implications and future research directions.

A qualitative evaluation of women as managers in the Nigerian Civil Service

Discusses the role of women in management in the Nigerian Civil Service (NCS). The number of men in management in the NCS far exceeds the number of women. Women also function in a Nigerian society permeated by gender stereotypes. Tries to answer the question: “Why is a woman less likely to become a senior manager in the NCS?” Data were gathered from a selection of male and female managers who have the required experience and knowledge of women issues. The findings show that the debate about womens roles as managers has prompted a reassessment of the traditional negative stereotype of women as managers. Although women are being given some managerial opportunities, they are severely discriminated against. Thus the range of opportunities available to women is limited and the prospect of a woman being a senior manager is less favourable than for a man. Concludes that women are likely to bring a distinct style of management to the service and the NCS would benefit from more integration of women managers.

Comparative Product Testing for Own‐label Marketing

Kwik‐Save′s decision to make its first ever own‐label food products (No Frills) is a clear evidence that own‐label products are more popular than at any time. Investigates consumer perceptions of national and own‐label grocery products. Reveals that consumers perceive many differences among the two brand types tested. To find the factors accounting for the perceived quality of food, typical consumer explanation for both quality and value for money is about the price and physical attributes of the food brands. Other factors such as store image and food ingredients are equally important. The appeal for own‐label groceries is based on price and consumer scepticism. Product quality is usually the major purchasing factor and the measure of value. The assessment of consumer thinking comes from the marketplace. Cola, lemonade, and orange juice were three product lines put to taste‐on‐test in an effort to assess consumer preferences. Concludes that differences exist in the shoppers′ price and quality perceptions,...

Retail influence on food technology and innovation

Food technology and innovation have had a large impact on British food retailing affecting suppliers, retailers and their markets. Technology has invaded many areas of the British food industry providing efficient technical knowledge and new products. Innovative retailers have anticipated the food market metamorphosis and have repositioned their retail activities to take advantage of the changing market environment. The central objective of this study was to assess retailers′ technical innovations in food manufacturing, and to achieve this a research technique was adopted and conducted with leading UK food retailers. The results suggested that food retailers′ technological capabilityi affects the method of own‐label procurement and choice of suppliers. Those retailers who were able to influence food innovation all have large food technology departments, employing food technologists to meet consumer food requirements and legal obligations, and who collaborate with their suppliers to develop new products. C...

Food Shopping Behavior Among Ethnic and Non-Ethnic Communities in Britain

Abstract This study compares ethnic and non-ethnic grocery shoppers to establish if their brand preferences differ while shopping in British supermarkets. It is thus an investigation useful for grocery brand positioning. While this study found that grocery shoppers differ in terms of socio-economic status, personal characteristics and brand preference behavior, no significant differences were found in the preference of food brands because of cultural differences. In terms of brand name importance, the results suggests, that statistically, no significant cultural differences exist in the level of importance that consumer groups attached to a variety of food brand attributes. The results however found that, when purchasing fruit and vegetables, rice, meat and fish, non-ethnic consumers disliked “no-name” brands and attached greater importance to national brands than did the ethnic consumers. A substantial majority of both the ethnic and non-ethnic consumers perceived television and radio information sources as of very little importance. The majority of the ethnic consumers found ethnic-minority based newspapers to be an important source of food information. Implications for brand image, the buying preferences for ethnic and non-ethnic consumers, grocery retailing, limitations and future research directions are discussed.

New car retailing: an assessment of car manufacturers’ fairness on main dealers

This study focuses on the relationship between car manufacturers and dealers in the control of marketing strategies and retail distribution of new cars in the UK. It examines the role of manufacturers’ fairness (i.e impartiality – the manufacturer is seen to play fair) in developing long-term relationships between relatively smaller and larger dealers. Two components of fairness, the retail marketing procedural fairness (the fairness of the marketing processes used by the manufacturer in relation to its main dealers) and retail distributive fairness (the fairness of the outcomes received by the dealer for carrying the manufacturer’s car model), are investigated. The study reveals strong evidence suggesting that dealers’ perceptions of both the retail marketing processes and retail distributive fairness enhance a quality relationship. Furthermore, the results show that the quality of a relationship is determined by the level of outcomes (beneifts or burden) and uncertainty within the UK car market. Conclusions and limitations are presented.

Acculturation and the influence of ethnicity on market orientation of African and Caribbean companies in Britain

Since acculturation is the process of acquiring the customs of an alternative society we assume that adapting to consumers from various cultures will be a fundamental task for African and Caribbean (A&C) companies in Britain. This study investigates market orientation of A&C service companies and their processes of cultural learning and adaptation using ethnicity as a basis for an exploratory study of the British market. The findings indicate that A&C companies serve as bicultural mediators, both accommodating their consumers and working to alter their consumption patterns to bring them into line with their own ethnic and British national market customs. The adaptation of A&C service companies to the cultural characteristics and needs of their customers results in changes to their companies, consumers and the British marketplace.

Customer Satisfaction and Loyalty to British Supermarkets

Abstract The UK food retailing structure is rapidly changing. Concentration is increasing both through ownership and supermarket size, and retailers are responding to slow growth in the UK by improving customer services. Supermarkets are increasingly being branded in order to increase differentiation, consequently increasing customer loyalty. The purpose of this study is to empirically analyse the customer loyalty of British supermarkets. We adopted and used Olivers (1997) four-phase loyalty model (cognitive, affective, conative and action) to measure the loyalty of British consumers to the supermarkets they patronise. The findings show that different loyalty phases have different impacts on supermarket patronage. We recommend that supermarkets should focus on customer loyalty in order to generate positive net operating profits.

The Changing Retail Environment

The business environment provides the arena in which retailers operate. In every industry the future of organisations is determined by an ability to acquire information about the environment and analyse its influence on their development. Therefore, it is essential to have a clear understanding of the major elements and trends within the retail environment that enable companies to detect significant opportunities and threats to the company before they undermine its position (McGoldrick, 1990). Indeed, external factors have been shown to account for around one-third of causes of organisational decline (McKiernan, 1992). The emphasis in this process has less to do with information about the future, which can be broadly recognised, but how such trends will transform industries and create new opportunities (Prahalad, 1999).