Oladele Vincent Adeniyi

Use of non-emergency contraceptive pills and concoctions as emergency contraception among Nigerian University students: results of a qualitative study

BackgroundEmergency contraception (EC) can significantly reduce the rate of unintended pregnancies and unsafe abortions especially in sub-Saharan Africa. Despite the increasing awareness of EC among educated young women in Nigeria, the rate of utilisation remains low. This study therefore explores the main barriers to the use of EC among female university students by analysing their knowledge of emergency contraception, methods ever used, perceived efficacy, and its acceptability.MethodsThis paper brings together the findings from several focus groups (N = 5) and in-depth interviews (N = 20) conducted amongst unmarried female undergraduate students in two Nigerian universities.ResultsParticipants considered the use of condom and abstinence as the most effective methods of preventing unplanned pregnancy. However, many participants were misinformed about emergency contraception. Generally, participants relied on unconventional and unproven ECs; Ampiclox, “Alabukun”, salt water solution, and lime and potash and perceived them to be effective in preventing unplanned pregnancies. Furthermore, respondents’ narratives about methods of preventing unwanted pregnancies revealed that inadequate information on emergency contraception, reliance on unproven crude contraceptive methods, and misconception about modern contraception constitute barriers to the use of emergency contraception.ConclusionsThe findings suggested that female university students are misinformed about emergency contraception and their reliance on unproven ECs constitutes a barrier to the use of approved EC methods. These barriers have serious implications for prevention of unplanned pregnancies in the cohort. Behavioural interventions targeting the use of unproven emergency contraceptive methods and misperceptions about ECs would be crucial for this cohort in Nigeria.

Demographic, clinical and behavioural determinants of HIV serostatus non-disclosure to sex partners among HIV-infected pregnant women in the Eastern Cape, South Africa

Objectives Drawing from a baseline sample of a cohort study, the study examines the extent and correlates of serostatus non-disclosure to sex partners and family members, and reasons for non-disclosure among HIV-infected pregnant women in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. Methods This longitudinal cohort study recruited 1709 pregnant women living with HIV who attended three of the largest maternity centres in the Eastern Cape, South Africa, for delivery between September 2015 and May 2016. Relevant items on demographics, serostatus awareness, disclosure to sex partners and family members, and lifestyle behaviours were obtained using structured interviews. Age-stratified binary logistic regression models were used to determine the significant correlates of non-disclosure among the participants. Results A higher rate of HIV serostatus non-disclosure to sex partners (25.6%) in comparison to family members (20%) was reported by the participants. Younger age, not living with partners and alcohol use were significantly associated with non-disclosure of HIV serostatus to sex partners. Non-disclosure of HIV serostatus to sex partners was significantly (p<0.05) associated with poor adherence to the highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART), failure to keep clinic appointments and high viral load at the delivery of the baby. Perceived fear of intimate partner violence, fear of rejection, guilt of not disclosing at the onset of the relationship, sex partner’s non-disclosure of HIV serostatus, and guilt of unfaithfulness were some of the reasons for non-disclosure of HIV serostatus to sex partners. Conclusions Non-disclosure of HIV serostatus is a public health concern with serious implications for both mother-to-child transmission, as well as horizontal transmission, in our setting. Strategic efforts toward ending the epidemic of HIV and AIDS in South Africa should address the sociocultural and behavioural determinants of non-disclosure.

Social epidemiology of hypertension in Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality (BCMM): cross-sectional study of determinants of prevalence, awareness, treatment and control among South African adults

Objectives This study examined hypertension prevalence, awareness, treatment and control and their determinants among adults attending health facilities in Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality (BCMM) in the Eastern Cape. Design A cross-sectional analytical study. Settings The three largest outpatient clinics in BCMM. Participants Ambulatory adults (aged 18 years and over) attending the study settings during the study period (n=998). Primary outcome measure The prevalence of hypertension (systolic blood pressure (BP) of ≥140 mm Hg and/or a diastolic BP of ≥90 mm Hg or current medication for hypertension), the awareness of it (prior diagnosis of it) and its treatment and control (Eighth Joint National Committee Criteria of BP <140/90/90 mm Hg). Secondary outcome measure Associated factors of hypertension, hypertension unawareness and uncontrolled hypertension. Results Of the 998 participants included, the prevalence of hypertension was 49.2%. Hypertension unawareness was reported by 152 participants (23.1%) with significant gender difference (p=0.005). Male sex, age <45 years, higher level of education, single status, current employment, higher monthly income, current smoking, alcohol usage, absence of diabetes and non-obese were significantly associated (p<0.05) with hypertension unawareness. Of the participants who were aware of having hypertension (n=339), nearly all (91.7%, n=311) were on antihypertensive medication and only 121 participants (38.9%) achieved the BP treatment target. In the multivariate logistic regression model analysis, ageing (95% CI 1.9 to 4.4), being married (95% CI 1.0 to 2.0), male sex (95% CI 1.2 to 2.3), concomitant diabetes (95% CI 1.9 to 3.9), lower monthly income (95% CI 1.2 to 2.2), being unemployed (95% CI 1.0 to 1.9) and central obesity (95% CI 1.5 to 2.8) were the significant and independent determinants of prevalent hypertension. Conclusion The prevalence and awareness of hypertension was high in the study population. In addition, the suboptimal control of BP among treated individuals, as well as the significant cardiovascular risk factors, warrant the attention of health authorities of BCMM and the country.

Prevalence and Correlates of Metabolic Syndrome Among Adults Attending Healthcare Facilities in Eastern Cape, South Africa

RESEARCH ARTICLE Prevalence and Correlates of Metabolic Syndrome Among Adults Attending Healthcare Facilities in Eastern Cape, South Africa Eyitayo Omolara Owolabi, Daniel Ter Goon, Oladele Vincent Adeniyi, Aanuoluwa O. Adedokun and Eunice Seekoe Department of Nursing Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Fort Hare, East London, South Africa Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Walter Sisulu University, Cecilia Makiwane Hospital, East London Hospital Complex, East London, South Africa

Prevalence and factors associated with tobacco use among adults attending selected healthcare facilities in Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality, South Africa

Aim: Tobacco use increases the risk of cardiovascular disease, premature death and certain cancers. This study investigated the prevalence and determinants of tobacco use among adults in Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality (BCMM), South Africa. Methods: This study forms part of the cardio-metabolic risk survey carried out at the three largest outpatient clinics in BCMM. This multi-centre cross-sectional survey utilised the relevant items of the WHO STEPwise questionnaire to obtain information on demographic and behavioural characteristics of 1 107 participants. A total of 109 participants were excluded as a result of incomplete data. Thus, 998 participants (male = 327; female = 671) were included in the analysis. Self-reported, current use of any tobacco product was defined as tobacco use while secondary smoking was defined as exposure of non-smokers to environmental tobacco smoke, either at home or in the workplace. Results: Of all the study participants, 150 (15%) were current tobacco users and 335 (39.5%) of the non-smoking participants were exposed to secondary smoking. The majority of the tobacco users were males (70.7%) compared with females (29.3%). The commonest form of tobacco use was the manufactured cigarette. The mean age at initiation of smoking was 18.3 ± 5.1 and 22.6 ± 8.0 years for men and women, respectively. Only male sex (p = 0.000), single status (p = 0.003), no formal education (p = 0.007) and self-employment (p = 0.043) were significantly associated with tobacco use. Conclusion: High prevalence of tobacco use, especially cigarette smoking, in BCMM is worrisome given its strong association with cardiovascular events and cancers. The district health authorities should prioritise smoking cessation measures at the primary health care level.

Adult binge drinking: rate, frequency and intensity in Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality, South Africa

Abstract Background: Binge drinking (BD) is a significant risk factor for several acute and chronic illnesses, including injuries. This study examines the rate, frequency and intensity of BD in Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality (BCMM), South Africa. Methods: This was a cross-sectional survey of 998 adults attending the three largest outpatient clinics in BCMM. Rate, frequency and intensity of BD were assessed using the WHO STEPwise questionnaire. Descriptive and inferential statistics were carried out to determine the rate and determinants of binge drinking. Results: The overall rate of BD was 15.0%. Frequency and intensity of BD were 5.4 episodes per month and 13.4 drinks on one occasion, respectively. The study data showed that BD was commoner in males than females (24.0% vs. 10.8%). Smokers engage more in BD than non-smokers (44.0% vs. 9.9%). In the analysis of socio-demographic variables, BD was commonest among students, age group 18–25 years, those never married and those on incomes between 2001 and 5000 Rand per month. In the multivariate logistic regression, after adjusting for confounders, only age less than 25 years (p < 0.001) and male gender (p < 0.001) were significant predictors of binge drinking. Also, male gender (p = 0.002) was significantly associated with frequency of BD. There was no significant gender variation in the intensity of BD. Only age and smoking were significantly associated with the intensity of BD. Conclusion: The rate of binge drinking was high among the study participants, and those who binge drink tend to do so frequently and at a high intensity. Women who binge drink also do so at a high intensity. There is a need for sensitisation campaigns and health advocacy talks on the dangers associated with binge drinking among young adults in this setting.

Maternal health care visits as predictors of contraceptive use among childbearing women in a medically underserved state in Nigeria

BackgroundHealth care visits during pregnancy, childbirth and after childbirth may be crucial in expanding the uptake of contraceptive care in resource-poor settings. However, little is known about how health care visits influence the uptake of modern contraception in Nigeria. The focus of this paper was to examine how health care visits influence the use of contraceptives among parous women in a medically underserved setting.MethodsThe study adopted a descriptive survey design. Data was collected from 411 women who gave birth between 2010 and 2015 selected through a two-stage cluster random sampling technique. Health care visits for antenatal care services, childbirth, postnatal care and modern contraceptive were dichotomised (yes, no). Descriptive analyses were performed, and percentages, frequencies and means were reported. Multiple logistic regressions were computed, and odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated.ResultsKnowledge of all contraceptive methods was lowest among women who reside in rural areas. Health care visits for antenatal care (UOR 4.5; 95% CI 2.0–10.5), childbirth (UOR2.1; 95% CI 1.4–3.2) and postnatal care services (UOR 2.3; 95% CI 1.5–3.5) independently predict ever use of any contraceptive methods. Likewise, health care visits for antenatal care (UOR 5.6; 95% CI 2.1–14.8), childbirth (UOR 2.3; 95% CI 1.5–3.6) and postnatal care services (UOR 2.8; 95% CI 1.8–4.5) were independent predictors of current use of modern contraceptive methods. In the adjusted model, health care visits for antenatal care services (AOR 3.2; 95% CI 1.1–8.8) were significantly associated with the use of modern contraceptive methods.ConclusionHealth care visits significantly predict the use of modern contraceptive methods. Expanding access to health care services would potentially increase contraceptive use among childbearing women in the medically underserved settings.

Driving to Better Health: Screening for Hypertension and Associated Factors Among Commercial Taxi Drivers in Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality, South Africa

RESEARCH ARTICLE Driving to Better Health: Screening for Hypertension and Associated Factors Among Commercial Taxi Drivers in Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality, South Africa Aanuoluwa Odunayo Adedokun, Daniel Ter Goon, Eyitayo Omolara Owolabi, Oladele Vincent Adeniyi and Anthony Idowu Ajayi Department of Nursing Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Fort Hare, East London, South Africa Walter Sisulu University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Mthatha, South Africa Department of Sociology, University of Fort Hare, East London, South Africa

The Prevalence and Correlates of Pre-Diabetes and Diabetes Mellitus Among Public Category Workers in Akure, Nigeria

Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Faculty of Public Health, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria. Department of Family Medicine, Cecilia Makiwane Hospital, East London Hospital Complex, Walter Sisulu University, East London, South Africa. Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Faculty of Public Health, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria. Nigeria State Health Investment Project, Oke eda, Akure, Nigeria. School of Nursing Sciences, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Fort Hare, East London, South Africa. Department of Sociology, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Fort Hare, East London, South Africa. Department of Family Medicine, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha, South Africa.

Awareness, Knowledge and Perception of The National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS) Among Health Professionals in Mthatha General Hospital, Eastern Cape, South Africa

ABSTRACT Objective: This study assessed the awareness and perceptions of the National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS) among healthcare professionals in Mthatha General Hospital, Eastern Cape. Method: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among health professionals at Mthatha General Hospital in September 2012. A simple random sample of 100 participants drawn across the various categories of health professionals responded to a validated questionnaire on awareness, purpose and challenges of implementation of NHIS. Results: Of the total (N=100), 86 health professionals returned the questionnaire (response rate=87%); 54 female (63%) and 32 male (37%). The majority of the respondents were nurses (67%) and doctors (28%). Others were radiographers (n=2) and clinical associates (2). The majority of the respondents (89.5%) were aware of NHIS and their sources of information on NHIS were: seminars and meetings (n=32), television and radio (n=26), friends and family members (n=14), newspapers (n=10) and internet (n=4). Good understanding of the objectives of NHIS was demonstrated by 81.3% (n=70) of the respondents. The poor state of health facilities and inadequate staffing across the country were reported as the major impediment to the implementation of NHIS. However, the majority of the respondents (n=64) expect that the quality of healthcare service delivery will improve by increasing the staff strength in the various health facilities. Conclusion : The majority of the health professionals were aware of NHIS in this setting. Both the infrastructure and staff strength require attention of the health authorities in order to effectively implement the scheme in the district.