Olaf Flak

Differences in Perception of the Participants in the Management Process and Its Real Trajectory

The aim of the paper is to present results of the research that was focused on managers’ behaviours. We tried to discover the main differences between the real trajectory and perception of managers in the field of two types of management processes. In the first part of the paper there is a theoretical foundation of process management and conclusions that led to a research model. In the second part we present the state of art in the field of human perception theories. Then, we describe assumptions of the research and methods of gathering data. What is important in the case of research method, an observation and a survey were used. The observation was done using the online management tools. During the research, managers were given a small project to lead. We recorded their actions and when their projects were completed, we asked them how they had acted. As a result of the research, there are three examples of description of managers’ behaviours and their perception. In the introduction we formulated two hypotheses and on the grounds of the research result we prove both statements in conclusion of the paper.

MANAGEMENT BY OBJECTIVES AS A METHOD OF MEASURING TEAMS' EFFECTIVENESS

The aim of the paper is to present the method of management by objectives in measuring effectiveness of teams. The main elements of this method – goals and tasks – were used to measure teams’ work on the same project. The quantitative measurers of goals and tasks let assess an effectiveness of teams and compare teams to one another. The methodology of the research was an experiment conducted with on-line management tools named goaler® and tasker® based on the system of organizational terms. This theoretical foundation represent system and positivist approach to management. However, this approach was developed in the mix research method. This paper contains quantitative results and conclusions about effectiveness of teams. For this purpose following measurers were used: numbers of goals and tasks in each group, numbers of actions taken by team managers, duration of teamwork, number of goals and tasks editions. Despite the fact that the method of management by objectives is thoroughly described and parameterized, human contribution in the application of the method in practice appeared still crucial. However, the originality of this paper comes from implementing online management tools which are based on the system of organizational terms and using them to measure human behavior.

A Managerial and Linguistic Perspective on Researching Manager Behaviour Aimed at Replacing Human Managers with Robots

This paper takes on both a managerial and linguistic perspective on conducting research into manager behaviour. It presents theoretical foundations for creating knowledge about the activities of team managers using a system of organisational terms, and showcases how linguistic analysis can be applied to enhance findings in the area of management studies. The authors discuss the results of an experiment carried out with management students within the field of project planning. The students played the roles of team managers and were asked to plan a specific project using specified online management tools: Goaler to set up goals and Tasker to describe tasks. All activities of experiment participants were recorded by these tools.

Action Sequence Matching of Team Managers.

Traditionally, team managers are analysed and compared based on human perception with data collected from surveys and questionnaires. These methods normally have low efficiency especially in dynamic and complex environments. In order to improve the accuracy and stability of manager analysis in management science, in this paper, we propose a novel manager representation method which is general and flexible enough to cover most types of managers. For manager analysis, we introduce the first manager matching algorithm that calculates the global similarity between managers. The proposed matching algorithm not only returns robust and stable manager similarities, but also details the matched parts among managerial action sequences. With this, the proposed methods provide more research possibilities in management science.