Oleg Chekhlov

35 J broadband femtosecond optical parametric chirped pulse amplification system

We report on what is believed to be the first large-aperture and high-energy optical parametric chirped pulse amplification system. The system, based on a three-stage amplifier, shows 25% pump-to-signal conversion efficiency and amplification of the full 70 nm width of the seed spectrum. Pulse compression to 84 fs achieved after amplification indicates a potential of 300 TW pulse power for 35 J amplified pulse energy.

Optical parametric chirped-pulse amplification source suitable for seeding high-energy systems.

A short-pulse source based on optical parametric chirped-pulse amplification (OPCPA) technology has been developed with properties that make it a suitable seed for a high-energy OPCPA system. This source generated a diffraction-limited pulse at 910 nm with a full bandwidth of > 165 nm and a spectrum having a transform-limited pulse duration of less than 15 fs. The technique has potential for generating bandwidths > 200 nm and pulse durations < 10 fs.

100 J-level nanosecond pulsed diode pumped solid state laser

We report on the successful demonstration of a 100 J-level, diode pumped solid state laser based on cryogenic gas cooled, multi-slab ceramic Yb:YAG amplifier technology. When operated at 175 K, the system delivered a pulse energy of 107 J at a 1 Hz repetition rate and 10 ns pulse duration, pumped by 506 J of diode energy at 940 nm, corresponding to an optical-to-optical efficiency of 21%. To the best of our knowledge, this represents the highest energy obtained from a nanosecond pulsed diode pumped solid state laser. This demonstration confirms the energy scalability of the diode pumped optical laser for experiments laser architecture.

Investigation of GeV-scale electron acceleration in a gas-filled capillary discharge waveguide

The generation of GeV-scale electron beams in a gas-filled capillary discharge waveguide with good reproducibility is discussed. Beams of electrons with energies above 900MeV, and with root-mean-square divergences of 3.5mrad, are observed for a plasma density of 2.2◊10 18 cm 3 and a peak input laser power of 55TW. The variation of the maximum electron energy with the plasma density is measured and found to agree well with simple models. Injection and acceleration of electrons at the to date lowest plasma density of 3.2◊10 17 cm 3 are reported. The energy spectra of the generated electron beams exhibit good shot-to-shot reproducibility, with the observed variations attributable to the measured shot-to-shot jitter of the laser parameters. Two methods for correcting the effect of beam pointing variations on the measured energy spectrum are described.

Compact laser accelerators for X-ray phase-contrast imaging

Advances in X-ray imaging techniques have been driven by advances in novel X-ray sources. The latest fourth-generation X-ray sources can boast large photon fluxes at unprecedented brightness. However, the large size of these facilities means that these sources are not available for everyday applications. With advances in laser plasma acceleration, electron beams can now be generated at energies comparable to those used in light sources, but in university-sized laboratories. By making use of the strong transverse focusing of plasma accelerators, bright sources of betatron radiation have been produced. Here, we demonstrate phase-contrast imaging of a biological sample for the first time by radiation generated by GeV electron beams produced by a laser accelerator. The work was performed using a greater than 300 TW laser, which allowed the energy of the synchrotron source to be extended to the 10–100 keV range.

Investigation of the role of plasma channels as waveguides for laser-wakefield accelerators

The role of plasma channels as waveguides for laser-wakefield accelerators is discussed in terms of the results of experiments performed with the Astra-Gemini laser, numerical simulations using the code WAKE, and the theory of self-focusing and self-guiding of intense laser beams. It is found that at a given electron density, electron beams can be accelerated using lower laser powers in a waveguide structure than in a gas-jet or cell. The transition between relativistically self-guided and channel-assisted guiding is seen in the simulations and in the behaviour of the production of electron beams. We also show that by improving the quality of the driving laser beam the threshold laser energy required to produce electron beams can be reduced by a factor of almost 2. The use of an aperture allows the production of a quasi-monoenergetic electron beam of energy 520 MeV with an input laser power of only 30 TW.

Development of a novel large bandwidth front-end system for high peak power OPCPA systems

In this paper we describe the development of a novel front-end capable of generating pulses with ≫100nm bandwidth at 910nm, a pulse duration ≪30fs and energies at the joule level. This system has been developed as a seed source for the development of a 10PW facility for the Vulcan laser. The development is based on large scale OPCPA with the goal of producing pulses with focused intensities ≫10²³ W/cm² and will be achieved by delivering pulses with ≫300J in ≪30fs onto target.

Photon acceleration and modulational instability during wakefield excitation using long laser pulses

The modulational instability that occurs during the interaction of a long laser pulse and its own wakefield in an underdense plasma has been studied experimentally and theoretically. Recent experiments using laser pulses that are several times longer than the wakefield period have yielded transmission spectra that exhibit a series of secondary peaks flanking the main laser peak. These peaks are too closely spaced to be the result of Raman instabilities; their origin was found to be photon acceleration of the lasers photons in the wakefield instead. In the experiments described in this paper, a laser pulse of 50–200 fs containing 300–600 mJ was focused on the edge of a helium gas jet on a 25 µm focal spot. The observed transmission spectra show evidence of both ionization blueshift and modulation by the pulses wakefield. The transmission spectra have also been modelled using a dedicated photon-kinetic numerical code. The modelling has revealed a direct correlation between the spectral modulations and the amplitude of the excited wakefield. By comparing the measured and simulating spectra, the origin of various spectral characteristics has been explained in terms of photon acceleration. The feasibility of using this effect as a wakefield diagnostic will be discussed.

DiPOLE100: A 100 J, 10 Hz DPSSL using cryogenic gas cooled Yb:YAG multi slab amplifier technology

In this paper we provide an overview of the design of DiPOLE100, a cryogenic gas-cooled DPSSL system based on Yb:YAG multi-slab amplifier technology, designed to efficiently produce 100 J pulses, between 2 and 10 ns in duration, at up to 10 Hz repetition rate. The current system is being built at the CLF for the HiLASE project and details of the front end, intermediate 10J cryo-amplifier and main 100J cryo-amplifier are presented. To date, temporal and spatial pulse shaping from the front end has been demonstrated, with 10 ns pulses of arbitrary shape (flat-top, linear ramps, and exponentials) produced with energies up to 150 mJ at 10 Hz. The pump diodes and cryogenic gas cooling system for the 10J cryo-amplifier have been fully commissioned and laser amplification testing has begun. The 100J, 940 nm pump sources have met full specification delivering pulses with 250 kW peak power and duration up to 1.2 ms at 10 Hz, corresponding to 3 kW average power each. An intensity modulation across the 78 mm square flat-top profile of < 5 % rms was measured. The 100J gain media slabs have been supplied and their optical characteristics tested. Commissioning of the 100J amplifier will commence shortly.

Transmission grating stretcher for contrast enhancement of high power lasers

We propose, for the first time, a transmission grating stretcher for high power lasers and demonstrate its superiority over conventional, reflective gold grating stretchers in terms of pulse temporal quality. We show that, compared to a conventional stretcher with the same stretching factor, the transmission-grating based stretcher yields more than an order of magnitude improvement in the contrast pedestal. We have also quantitatively characterized the roughness of the grating surfaces and estimated its impact on the contrast pedestal.