Olegário Rosa de Toledo

Percepção de estudantes do ensino fundamental quanto ao aleitamento materno e a influência da realização de palestras de educação em saúde

OBJECTIVE: To assess attitudes to breastfeeding among children in primary education and to evaluate the influence of educational lectures on their knowledge. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study of 503 students of both sexes from the fourth to the eighth grades of five different schools. The children were divided into two groups: control (n = 215) and intervention (n = 288) in order to evaluate the influence of educational lectures. A questionnaire containing 30 questions about different features of breastfeeding was used for data collection. The intervention took the form of a 30-minute lecture, given at the schools. RESULTS: The lecture increased the number of schoolchildren who answered that breastmilk is most beneficial for infants (p < 0.05) and that breastfeeding is the most practical way of feeding babies (p < 0.05). There was a reduction in the number who would give supplementary feeding during the first month of life (p < 0.05) and also in how many would give a baby a pacifier (p < 0.05). After the intervention less than half of the girls would chose to breastfeed for 1 year or more (39.1% in the control group vs. 43.2% in the intervention group); while the opposite was true of the males (54.7% in the control group vs. 51.7% in the intervention group). More of the boys (37.1%) were able to cite specific advantages for mothers from breastfeeding when compared to the females (19.9%). CONCLUSION: The results indicate that lectures on health education, presented at schools, have a beneficial effect on breastfeeding knowledge, awareness and attitudes.

The attitudes of primary school children to breastfeeding and the effect of health education lectures

OBJECTIVE To assess attitudes to breastfeeding among children in primary education and to evaluate the influence of educational lectures on their knowledge. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study of 503 students of both sexes from the fourth to the eighth grades of five different schools. The children were divided into two groups: control (n = 215) and intervention (n = 288) in order to evaluate the influence of educational lectures. A questionnaire containing 30 questions about different features of breastfeeding was used for data collection. The intervention took the form of a 30-minute lecture, given at the schools. RESULTS The lecture increased the number of schoolchildren who answered that breastmilk is most beneficial for infants (p < 0.05) and that breastfeeding is the most practical way of feeding babies (p < 0.05). There was a reduction in the number who would give supplementary feeding during the first month of life (p < 0.05) and also in how many would give a baby a pacifier (p < 0.05). After the intervention less than half of the girls would chose to breastfeed for 1 year or more (39.1% in the control group vs. 43.2% in the intervention group); while the opposite was true of the males (54.7% in the control group vs. 51.7% in the intervention group). More of the boys (37.1%) were able to cite specific advantages for mothers from breastfeeding when compared to the females (19.9%). CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that lectures on health education, presented at schools, have a beneficial effect on breastfeeding knowledge, awareness and attitudes.

PHARMACOEPIDEMIOLOGY AND HEALTH IN A BRAZILIAN OLDER POPULATION

SUMMARY Background: Many health concerns, such as cardiovascular diseases, metabolic disorders, falls and inadequate drug use, can affect the vulnerable older population. The objectives of this study were to verify the use of prescription drugs in an older population, as well as their morbidities and the occurrence of falls. Methods: The study comprised 300 older people from the town of Barra do Garcas, Mato Grosso State, Brazil. Data were collected during leisure sessions using a 23-item questionnaire. Statistical analysis was performed using Mantel-Haenszel Chi-squared test, Student’s t test and odds ratio calculation. Drugs were classified according to the Anatomical Therapeutical Chemical Classification System, and diseases were classified following the 10 th Review of the International Classification of Diseases and Health Problems. Results: The majority of the subjects were women aged 60–70. Circulatory health problems were the most prevalent diseases. There was a significant positive association between bone and skeletal muscle diseases and falls (odds ratio, 2.27). Overall, 82.3% of the subjects had used at least one medicinal drug in the last 15 days. During this time interval, 554 drugs were consumed, leading to an average of 2.4 remedies per subject. Cardiovascular drugs were the most prevalent therapeutic indications (39%). Although 87% of drugs used by the subjects were prescribed by a physician, 56.7% of the subjects had not been examined by a physician in the last 30 days. Conclusion: In this older population, the presence of morbidities and frequent use of drug use were commonly observed. Special care should be taken for older subjects with bone and skeletal muscle diseases to reduce the risk of falls. The high proportion of older people using drugs without a recent medical prescription indicated irrational medicinal drug use. [International Journal of Gerontology 2008; 2(3): 103–108]

FALHAS NA PRESCRIÇÃO E DISPENSAÇÃO DE ANTIMICROBIANOS EM UMA FARMÁCIA BÁSICA NA AMAZÔNIA LEGAL, BRASIL DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5892/ruvrd.v13i1.2020

O Objetivo foi analisar a dispensacao de antimicrobianos (ATBs), segundo a Resolucao da Diretoria Colegiada (RDC) n.o 20/2011 da Agencia Nacional de Vigilância Sanitaria (ANVISA) e suas possiveis interacoes medicamentosas (IM). Os dados foram coletados nas vias originais das prescricoes dispensadas e retidas na Farmacia Basica do municipio de Pontal do Araguaia- MT, entre os meses de julho de 2013 a julho de 2014. Foram coletados para analise: prescritor responsavel pela prescricao, farmacos prescritos, dados do preenchimento da receita e possiveis IM. As analises estatisticas foram realizadas com o auxilio do programa Epi. Info® versao 7.1.3 e as IM no programa Micromedex® 2.0. Foram avaliados 530 receituarios, obtendo 587 antimicrobianos prescritos. A amoxicilina foi a mais prescrita, seguida pela azitromicina. O prescritor que mais prescreveu foi o profissional medico (77,8%). Falhas foram encontradas no preenchimento das prescricoes por parte dos medicos e farmaceuticos. Foram encontradas 14 IM, sendo 11 com severidade grave e tres moderadas. Concluimos que ha negligencia de ambas as partes dos profissionais, prescritores e dispensadores. As IM observadas comprometem o tratamento. A prescricao deve ser vista como um documento terapeutico, quanto mais falhas forem evitadas, maior sera a seguranca do paciente.Palavras- chave: Interacoes medicamentosas. Paciente. Resistencia bacteriana. Prescritores. Dispensadores.

Causas de internação hospitalar em adultos de um município na Amazônia Legal, Brasil.

Helicobacter pylori is a Gram negative bacterium that cause chronic gastritis, duodenal ulcers and can predispose the gastric cancer. The study aimed to determinate the prevalence of H. pylori infection by different methods of diagnosis in patients submitted to endoscopy. Of the 145 patients included in the study, were collected fragments of gastric mucosa for histological analysis, and for the rapid urease test. The breath test was also performed. The H. pylori infection was detected in 84 (57.9%) patients by histological study, the rapid test of urease was positive in 81 (55,8%) and the breath test in 62 (56,3%). There was no statistically significant difference when comparing the prevalence of infection by different methods of diagnosis. The prevalence of H. pylori infection in our community was lower than that found in the literature for patients with age similar to this study (mean = 53.19 years).