Olga Kozlova

Problems and prospects of the flexible employment forms’ development in the northern region

On the basis of the analysis of demographic and social problems of the Russian northern regions on the example of the Arkhangelsk region, the forms and methods of their solutions are proposed on the basis of the increasing the flexibility of employment as one of the most promising regional areas development to ensure more effective use of labor potential due to a shortage of jobs, depopulation and low living standards in many northern areas. The main factors and development prospects of flexible employment forms on the North are allocated. The reasons for ambiguous results obtained when using these shapes employment are assessed. The main principles of effective regional policy, based on a clear coherence between its goals and objectives with the organization mechanisms of employment, are formulated. At the end of the paper, the following conclusion is made: in North conditions, where the negative effects of demographic, migratory, socioeconomic processes are acuter than in other Russian regions, the prospects for regional development will largely be determined by the finding of effective mechanisms for the organization of employment.

Comparative estimates of Kamchatka territory development in the context of northern territories of foreign countries

The article promotes an approach to assess the prospects of regional development on the basis of the synthesis of comparative and historical methods of research. According to the authors, the comparative analysis of the similar functioning of the socio-economic systems forms deeper understanding what part factors and methods of state regulation play in regional development, and also their place in socio-economic and geopolitical space. The object of the research is Kamchatka territory as the region playing strategically important role in socio-economic development of Russia and also northern territories of the other countries comparable with Kamchatka on the bass if environmental conditions such as Iceland, Greenland, USA (Alaska), Canada (Yukon), and Japan (Hokkaido). On the basis of allocation of the general signs of regional socio-economic systems and creation of the regional development models forming the basis for comparative estimates, the article analyses the territories, which are comparable on the base of climatic, geographic, economic, geopolitical conditions, but thus significantly different due to the level of economic familiarity. The generalization of the extensive statistical material characterizing various spheres of activity at these territories, including branch structure of the economy, its infrastructure security, demographic situation, the budgetary and financial sphere are given. It allows defining the crucial features of the regional economy development models. In the conclusion, the authors emphasize that ignoring of the essential relations among the regional system elements and internal and external factors deprives a research of historical and socio-economic basis.

Methods of the Assessment of Economic Losses Caused by the Mortality of the Population Employed in Regional Economy

The purpose of the study is to determine the most appropriate method to estimate the society losses from premature mortality. The authors compared the variants of the quantitative assessment of the economic losses caused by the mortality of the workingage population. The hypothesis of the research is the assumption that the researchers face the problem of choosing indicators for the analysis of various social and demographic groups of population, external factors and aims of calculation that can result in radically different results. On the grounds of domestic and foreign publications, the authors have analyzed preferable methodological tools to assess the economic losses and have defined the crucial factors affecting the estimated parameters. Using the example of the Sverdlovsk region and Ekaterinburg, we have evaluated the dynamics of the level and structure of working-age population mortality and estimated the economic losses from the mortality of working-age population for 2015 and 2016. The research uses two different methods to calculate the economic losses from the premature mortality of the working-age population. It has allowed to receive different evaluations of working people losses and to discuss the modification of socio-economic damage from the premature mortality taking into account regional characteristics. Thereby, we have defined gender and territorial differences of economic losses. Thus, the methodological tools allow estimating the economic losses of society caused by the premature mortality of working population both on the regional and municipal levels depending on the research purpose. The obtained results may be used to develop preventive measures for reducing mortality of the working population, increasing life expectancy and formulating the regional social policy.

Territorial Factors of Strategic Development of the Regions of the Far East

The article examines the issues of the territorial organization of social and economic space in the context of the development strategies implementation on the example of the Far East regions. This problem is associated with the growing unevenness of economic development under the conditions of the outflow of population. This leads to the growing shortage of labour, deteriorating age and educational structure of population. The population outflow results in the destruction of the existing patterns of settlement and an appropriate network of social services. The negative migration processes contribute to the loss of working-age population and increase of its differentiation. The authors hypothesized that the success of the regional strategies of socio-economic development is largely determined by the synthesis of agglomeration and cluster technologies based on the regional demographic, migration and settlement factors that are closely linked the processes of the organization of regional socio-economic space. The authors conducted the content analysis of the socio-economic development strategies of the Far East regions and substantiated a poor implementation of the cluster and agglomeration technologies in strategic planning, and the underestimation of contradictions in the strategies of socio-economic development conditioned by the outflow of the population. In the conclusion, the authors justified the necessity to develop and implement the mechanisms for the effective incorporation of the cluster and agglomeration technologies of the regional space organization in the socio-economic development of the regions of the Far East. The solution of the above mentioned problems, according to the authors, would contribute to a more substantiated development of regional spatial policy.

Factor analysis of the relationship «consumption-saving» in the Ural federal district

In the terms of investment resources shortage in the modern Russian economy, the special practical importance is gained the issues of socio-economic nature analysis of the population savings as one of the major sources of internal investments and an influence assessment of external and internal factors on the processes of accumulation and consumption funds created by the population. The article analyzes influence of environment factors on the interrelation mechanism “consumption-savings†on the example of Ural federal district during 2001–2012. The considerable attention is paid to the analysis of influence of an inflationary component in the economy of the region and interest rate for deposits on dynamics of savings norm of the population, which acts as an indicator of the standard of living and a source of accumulation of investment potential of the population. The authors conclude that the factors having impact on redistribution of the monetary income of the population on consumption and savings in favor of savings depend not only on socioeconomic development of society, inflationary expectations of the population, but also on conditions of accumulation of savings of the population by the banking sphere.

Socio-economic mechanisms of implementation of a region's labor potential

This paper formulates methodological principles for the formation of an effective employment as a basic condition for the implementation of the employment potential of the region. In the case of Sverdlovsk region, the main problems of industrial employment in the region are reviewed, demographic base of the formation of labor potential is assess, factor analysis of its implementation using a quality index of employment, taking into account the state of its major structural elements and characterizing the dynamics of current trends in this area is conducted. The authors show that the regional labor and social policy is currently dominated by the orientation on the solution of tactical problems and implementation of measures to mitigate the situation at the current time. However, the nature of socio-economic development identifies the following strategic objectives as priorities: the need for restructuring of the regional economic system and, accordingly, the restructuring of the entire system of employment relations, and hence the entire reproduction cycle of labor potential. Based on the analysis results, an assessment of policy in the sphere of employment is made and a set of policy measures to create effective mechanisms for the implementation of the employment potential of the region at various levels of government is proposed.

Innovative model of development of traditionally industrial territories

The consideration in this paper is given to innovative model of development of traditionally industrial territories. We emphasize the following basic approaches to the employment of innovative potential of territories: diversification and restructuring of local economy, integration and disintegration of life-sustaining activity of neighboring territories, progressive economic advance, as well as simultaneous combination of several approaches (mixed model). Progressive model of development is sufficiently popular and is related tothe increasing already existing potential of territories. In practice,it doesn’t generally suppose essential changes in sectoral structure of local economy and means developing existing productions and spheres of activity of territory. Mixed model of structural transformations is characterized through the fact, that it supposes simultaneous use of different elements from the models counted. It allows: firstly, to adopt in a bigger extent a complex of measures to conditions of certain territory; secondly, to take into account a broader range of exogenous and endogenous factors; thirdly, to raise the effectiveness of the program of structural transformations being realized.

Formation factors of the employment potential of municipality

Labour resources efficient use is one of the most important conditions for economic growth. Employment potential formation is a process which both promotes efficiency at the current stage of development and creates the conditions for the future growth. This article attempts to examine this process at the municipal level. Accounting features of existence and development of the municipality allows the lowest cost to use the available workforce. The paper indicated the sphere and the dynamics for the process. The primary objective of the formation of the municipality labour potential supports the possibility of increasing its competitiveness on the regional and federal level.

Dynamics of wages in the region and the problem of measurement of wages in the context of economic instability

The paper deals with the analysis of current state and basic tendencies in the dynamics of wages. The authors consider the basic contradictions in the context of establishment of the market institution of wages in the subjects of the Russian Federation. The dynamics of wages is appraised on the basis of the tax accounting of the regions. This approach, according to the authors, allows reflecting the current processes in the sphere of remuneration of labor in the context of economic instability more objectively.

Results of measurement procedure of innovation maturity of business

In this article the basic approaches of innovation maturity of business has been applied. The realization procedure of innovation maturity as an example of organizations of Perm’s region has been call attention. The preliminary potential assessments of perception of plans innovations will give optimize selection innovative strategy for organization and increase the effectiveness of business for microeconomics and region’s level.