Olga Sergueevna Tairova

Influência do exercício físico na qualidade de vida de mulheres na pós-menopausa: um estudo caso-controle

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a influencia de atividade fisica na qualidade de vida e sintomas referidos por um grupo de mulheres pos-menopausicas. METODOLOGIA: estudo caso-controle envolvendo de 197 mulheres na pos- menopausa com idade entre 50-65 anos: 132 sedentarias e 65 praticantes de exercicios fisicos aerobicos de intensidade leve a moderada. A qualidade de vida e a sintomatologia climaterica foram avaliadas pela Menopause Rating Scale (MRS). Na analise estatistica, procedeu-se a analise multivariada por regressao linear multipla. RESULTADOS: O grupo fisicamente apresentou indices de qualidade de vida significativamente melhores em todos os dominios do instrumento MRS: sintomas somato-vegetativos (p<0,01), sintomas psicologicos (p<0,01) e geniturinarios e sexuais (p<0,01); 63,6% do grupo sedentario e 33,4% do fisicamente ativo referiram sintomas de intensidade moderada a severa. A capacidade cardiorrespiratoria se mostrou tambem significativamente maior entre as mulheres fisicamente ativas (26,5±7,0 ml/Kg/min and 20,2±7,8 ml/kg/min, respectivamente). Atraves da analise multivariada, mostraram-se fatores preditores da qualidade de vida no presente estudo, a confirmacao de atividade fisica regular (p<0,01) e a renda familiar per capita (p<0,01), de modo que as mulheres fisicamente ativas ou com melhor renda tenderam a referir menor sintomatologia climaterica e melhor qualidade de vida. CONCLUSOES: No presente estudo, a atividade fisica regular de intensidade leve a moderada e a renda familiar per capita influenciaram positivamente a qualidade de vida e a intensidade da sintomatologia climaterica.

Phototherapy for Improvement of Performance and Exercise Recovery: Comparison of 3 Commercially Available Devices

CONTEXT   Recent studies suggest the prophylactic use of low-powered laser/light has ergogenic effects on athletic performance and postactivity recovery. Manufacturers of high-powered lasers/light devices claim that these can produce the same clinical benefits with increased power and decreased irradiation time; however, research with high-powered lasers is lacking. OBJECTIVE   To evaluate the magnitude of observed phototherapeutic effects with 3 commercially available devices. DESIGN   Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study. SETTING   Laboratory. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS   Forty healthy untrained male participants. INTERVENTION(S)   Participants were randomized into 4 groups: placebo, high-powered continuous laser/light, low-powered continuous laser/light, or low-powered pulsed laser/light (comprising both lasers and light-emitting diodes). A single dose of 180 J or placebo was applied to the quadriceps. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S)   Maximum voluntary contraction, delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS), and creatine kinase (CK) activity from baseline to 96 hours after the eccentric exercise protocol. RESULTS   Maximum voluntary contraction was maintained in the low-powered pulsed laser/light group compared with placebo and high-powered continuous laser/light groups in all time points (P < .05). Low-powered pulsed laser/light demonstrated less DOMS than all groups at all time points (P < .05). High-powered continuous laser/light did not demonstrate any positive effects on maximum voluntary contraction, CK activity, or DOMS compared with any group at any time point. Creatine kinase activity was decreased in low-powered pulsed laser/light compared with placebo (P < .05) and high-powered continuous laser/light (P < .05) at all time points. High-powered continuous laser/light resulted in increased CK activity compared with placebo from 1 to 24 hours (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS   Low-powered pulsed laser/light demonstrated better results than either low-powered continuous laser/light or high-powered continuous laser/light in all outcome measures when compared with placebo. The increase in CK activity using the high-powered continuous laser/light compared with placebo warrants further research to investigate its effect on other factors related to muscle damage.

Treatment of the Aged Patients at a Large Cardiac Rehabilitation Center in the Southern Brazil and Some Aspects of Their Dropout from the Therapeutic Programs

AIM: This paper aims to assess the dropout rate in different age groups through the example of the large cardiac rehabilitation centre affiliated with the Institute of Sports Medicine, University of Caxias do Sul. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A historic cohort study comprising the following groups: Non-Old < 65 (n = 141); Young-Old 65-74 (n = 128); and Middle-Old 75-84 years old (n = 57). The exercise program lasted 48 sessions and dropout was defined as attendance of 50% of sessions or less. Logistic binominal regression was performed to assess the risk of dropout. For all analyses, a two-tailed P value of < 0.05 was used. RESULTS: The total dropout rate was 38.6%. The Young-Old and Middle-Old groups showed lower dropouts compared to Non-Old patients (p = 0.01). Young-Old has 96% less risk for dropout compared to Non-Old group (adjusted odds ratios = 1.96 [1.16–3.29]). Furthermore, patients underwent the Coronary Artery Bypass Graft showed a lower rate of dropout (p = 0.001). The absence of CABG involved three times more risk of dropout (p = 0.001). CONCLUSION: The Non-Old and the Middle-Old patients showed higher dropout rates compared to Young-Old. To ensure the best possible rehabilitation and to improve patients´ participation in CR, these programs should be adjusted to the needs of patients in terms of their age.

Analysis of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Women

AIM: Study the cardiovascular risk factors in a feminine population vulnerable to cardiovascular events particularly to evaluate the principal factors or possible confounding variables. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional descriptive study. Were analysed all the female patients from the Cardiovascular Rehabilitation Institute of Sports Medicine of Caxias do Sul who had the complete information on cardiovascular disease history, comorbidities and habits and who knew the complete gynaecological history by a phone interview. RESULTS: A group of 91 patients were analysed. About the comorbidities and habits, 45.2% of these patients presented some tobacco load, 82.4% are hypertensive, 61.5% are dyslipidemic, 25.3% are diabetic and the BMI average was 29.27 (overweight). Between the patients who undergone a hysterectomy and had an episode of the acute coronary syndrome (10 patients), 70% had the event after the procedure. Between the post-menopause women with at least one episode of the acute coronary syndrome, 80.5% (33 patients) had the first event after the menopause. CONCLUSION: We found multiple lifetime risk factors that predisposed the women of the sample to have cardiovascular disease. Between the women with specific to women risk factors and without, the prevalence of cardiovascular disease was very similar. This information supports the idea that these are just confounding factors of CVD and the principals involved are the genetic factors and habits. For this reason, the focus of CVD prevention and treatment should be directed towards these aspects.

Change in Profile of Entrants in a Brazilian Large Cardiovascular Rehabilitation Service

BACKGROUND: There are references regarding physical activity and cardiovascular disease since the nineteenth century. New evidences support that cardiac rehabilitation is closely related to therapeutic success after major coronary events. Although the benefits of cardiac rehabilitation programs are well established, referencing and enrolment in such services remain low. AIM: The aim of this paper is to describe the profile changes throughout the years in a large cardiac rehabilitation service in Brazil. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This is a retrospective analysis of medical records of all patients referred to cardiac rehabilitation service of the Institute of Sports Medicine, University of Caxias do Sul from March 2003 to July 2014. Data collection was carried out using SPSS software and the statistical analysis with Student’s t-test, ANOVA test and chi square test. RESULTS: It has seen a substantial increase of patients, mostly routed via universal health system, also an increase of post-myocardial infarction patients and ex-smokers. Also, it was seen few patients in the 7th and 8th life decades, and men were in majority since the beginning. CONCLUSION: An increase in the number of patients referred by universal health system occurred because there is a governmental interest in this type of program. About tobacco, hospitalizations appear to be influential in the decision of abandonment. There was a substantial increase of patients with more severe disease which is in accordance with the latest guidelines of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Rehabilitation.