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Dive into the research topics where Olivier Belmonte is active.

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Featured researches published by Olivier Belmonte.


Journal of Travel Medicine | 2015

Delayed Diagnosis of High Drug-Resistant Microorganisms Carriage in Repatriated Patients: Three Cases in a French Intensive Care Unit

Jérôme Allyn; Marion Angue; Olivier Belmonte; Nathalie Lugagne; Nicolas Traversier; David Vandroux; Yannick Lefort; Nicolas Allou

We report three cases of high drug-resistant microorganisms (HDRMO) carriage by patients repatriated from a foreign country. National recommendations suggest systematic screening and contact isolation pending results of admission screening of all patients recently hospitalized abroad. HDRMO carriage (carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumanii and carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae) was not isolated on admission screening swabs, but later between 3 and 8 days after admission. In absence of cross-transmission, two hypotheses seem possible: a false-negative test on admission, or a late onset favored by antibiotic pressure. Prolonged isolation may be discussed even in case of negative screening on admission from high-risk patients.


Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease | 2018

Melioidosis in the Western Indian Ocean and the Importance of Improving Diagnosis, Surveillance, and Molecular Typing

Andriniaina Rakotondrasoa; Mohammad Iqbal Issack; Benoit Garin; Fabrice V. Biot; Eric Valade; Pierre Wattiau; Nicolas Allou; Olivier Belmonte; Jastin Bibi; Erin P. Price; Jean-Marc Collard

Melioidosis, caused by the bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei, is an infectious disease of humans or animals, and the specific environmental conditions that are present in western Indian Ocean islands are particularly suitable for the establishment/survival of B. pseudomallei. Indeed, an increasing number of new cases have been reported in this region (Madagascar, Mauritius, Réunion (France), and Seychelles, except Comoros and Mayotte (France)), and are described in this review. Our review clearly points out that further studies are needed in order to investigate the real incidence and burden of melioidosis in the western Indian Ocean and especially Madagascar, since it is likely to be higher than currently reported. Thus, research and surveillance priorities were recommended (i) to improve awareness of melioidosis in the population and among clinicians; (ii) to improve diagnostics, in order to provide rapid and effective treatment; (iii) to implement a surveillance and reporting system in the western Indian Ocean; and (iv) to investigate the presence of B. pseudomallei in environmental samples, since we have demonstrated its presence in soil samples originating from the yard of a Madagascan case.


PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases | 2017

Emergence of melioidosis in the Indian Ocean region: Two new cases and a literature review

Nicolas Allou; Olivier Martinet; Jérôme Allyn; Bruno Bouchet; Thomas Galas; Nicolas Traversier; Olivier Belmonte

Author summary Melioidosis is a disease caused by bacteria called B. pseudomallei. Infections can develop after contact with standing water. This disease can reach all the organs and especially the lungs. It is associated with a high mortality rate (up to 50%). Melioidosis is endemic in northern Australia and in Southeast Asia. Nevertheless, B. pseudomallei may be endemic in the Indian Ocean region and in Madagascar in particular, so clinicians and microbiologists should consider acute melioidosis as a differential diagnosis in the Indian Ocean region, in particular from Madagascar.


Frontiers in Public Health | 2017

Review of Antibiotic Resistance in the Indian Ocean Commission: A Human and Animal Health Issue

Olivier Belmonte; Jean-Marc Collard; Mohamed Halifa; Mohammad Iqbal Issack; Saindou Mindjae; Philippe Palmyre; Abdul Aziz Ibrahim; Harena Rasamoelina; Loïc Flachet; Laurent Filleul; Eric Cardinale

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major threat to human, animal health, and environment worldwide. For human, transmission occurred through a variety of routes both in health-care settings and community. In animals, AMR was reported in livestock, pets, and wildlife; transmission of AMR can be zoonotic with the probably most important route being foodborne transmission. The Indian Ocean Commission (IOC), composed of Comoros, Madagascar, Mauritius, Reunion (France), and Seychelles recognized the surveillance of AMR in both animal and human as a main public health priority for the region. Mayotte, French overseas territory, located in Comoros archipelago, was also included in this review. This review summarized our best epidemiological knowledge regarding AMR in Indian Ocean. We documented the prevalence, and phenotypic and genotypic profiles of prone to resistance Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria both in animals and humans. Our review clearly pointed out extended-spectrum β-lactamase and carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae as main human and animal health issue in IOC. However, publications on AMR are scarce, particularly in Comoros, Mayotte, and Seychelles. Thus, research and surveillance priorities were recommended (i) estimating the volume of antimicrobial drugs used in livestock and human medicine in the different territories [mainly third generation cephalosporin (3GC)]; (ii) developing a “One Health” surveillance approach with epidemiological indicators as zoonotic foodborne pathogen (i.e., couple Escherichia coli resistance to 3GC/carbapenems); (iii) screening travelers with a history of hospitalization and consumption of antibiotic drug returning from at risk areas (e.g., mcr-1 transmission with China or hajj pilgrims) allowing an early warning detection of the emergence for quick control measures implementation in IOC.


Veterinary Sciences | 2018

Risk Factors of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase Producing Enterobacteriaceae Occurrence in Farms in Reunion, Madagascar and Mayotte Islands, 2016–2017

Alexandre Leclaire; Morgane Laval; Guillaume Miltgen; Maël Jégo; Ramin Stéphane; Julien Jaubert; Olivier Belmonte; Eric Cardinale

In South Western Indian ocean (IO), Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-E) are a main public health issue. In livestock, ESBL-E burden was unknown. The aim of this study was estimating the prevalence of ESBL-E on commercial farms in Reunion, Mayotte and Madagascar and genes involved. Secondly, risk factors of ESBL-E occurrence in broiler, beef cattle and pig farms were explored. In 2016–2017, commercial farms were sampled using boot swabs and samples stored at 4 °C before microbiological analysis for phenotypical ESBL-E and gene characterization. A dichotomous questionnaire was performed. Prevalences observed in all production types and territories were high, except for beef cattle in Reunion, which differed significantly. The most common ESBL gene was blaCTX-M-1. Generalized linear models explaining ESBL-E occurrence varied between livestock production sectors and allowed identifying main protective (e.g., water quality control and detergent use for cleaning) and risk factors (e.g., recent antibiotic use, other farmers visiting the exploitation, pet presence). This study is the first to explore tools for antibiotic resistance management in IO farms. It provides interesting hypothesis to explore about antibiotic use in IO territories and ESBL-E transmission between pig, beef cattle and humans in Madagascar.


American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene | 2018

Waterborne Infections in Reunion Island, 2010–2017

Nicolas Allou; Romain Persichini; Nicolas Traversier; Dorothée Valance; Caroline Brulliard; Sandrine Picot; Olivier Martinet; Aurélien Soubeyrand; Olivier Belmonte; Jérôme Allyn

Gram-negative bacilli Vibrio spp., Aeromonas spp., and Shewanella spp. are a major cause of severe waterborne infection. The aim of this study was to assess the clinical and microbiological characteristics and prognosis of patients hospitalized in Reunion Island for a waterborne infection. This retrospective study was conducted in the two university hospitals of Reunion Island between January 2010 and March 2017. Patients diagnosed with a Vibrio, Aeromonas, or Shewanella infection were evaluated. Over the study period, 112 aquatic strains were isolated at Reunion Island: Aeromonas spp. were found in 91 patients (81.3%), Shewanella spp. in 13 patients (11.6%), and Vibrio spp. in eight patients (7.2%). The in-hospital mortality rate was 11.6%. The main sites of infection were skin and soft tissue (44.6%) and the abdomen (19.6%). Infections were polymicrobial in 70 cases (62.5%). The most commonly prescribed empiric antibiotic regimen was amoxicillin-clavulanate (34.8%). Eighty-four percent of the aquatic strains were resistant to amoxicillin-clavulanate and more than > 95% were susceptible to third or fourth generation cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones. After multivariate analysis, the only independent risk factor of in-hospital mortality was the presence of sepsis (P < 0.0001). In Reunion Island, the most commonly isolated aquatic microorganisms were Aeromonas spp. Sepsis caused by aquatic microorganisms was frequent (> 50%) and associated with higher in-hospital mortality. This study suggests that empiric antibiotic regimens in patients with sepsis or septic shock caused by suspected aquatic microorganisms (tropical climate, skin lesion exposed to seawater…) should include broad-spectrum antibiotics (third or fourth generation cephalosporins).


Journal of Travel Medicine | 2016

Epidemiology of 62 patients admitted to the intensive care unit after returning from Madagascar.

Jérôme Allyn; Marion Angue; Laure Corradi; Nicolas Traversier; Olivier Belmonte; Myriem Belghiti; Nicolas Allou

BACKGROUND To our knowledge, there is no data on the epidemiology of patients hospitalized in intensive care unit (ICU) after a stay in Madagascar or other low-income countries. It is possible that such data may improve transfer delays and care quality for these patients. METHODS In a retrospective study, we reviewed the charts of all patients admitted to ICU of the Reunion Island Felix Guyon University Hospital from January 2011 through July 2013. We identified all patients who had stayed in Madagascar during the 6 months prior to ICU admission. RESULTS Of 1842 ICU patients, 62 (3.4%) had stayed in Madagascar during the 6 months prior to ICU admission. Patients were 76% male and the median age was 60.5 (48.25-64.75) years; patients were more frequently residents of Madagascar than travellers (56.5%). In most cases, patients were not hospitalized or given antibiotics in Madagascar. The most frequent causes of hospitalization were infections including malaria (21%) and lower respiratory infection (11%). Carriage and infection with multidrug resistant (MDR) bacteria on ICU admission were frequent (37% and 9.7%, respectively). The mortality rate in ICU was 21%, and severity acute physiological Score II was 53.5 (37-68). CONCLUSIONS Patients admitted to ICU after a stay to Madagascar are mainly elderly patients with chronic illnesses, and often foreign residents. The admission causes are specific of the country like malaria, or specific to the population concerned such as cardiovascular accidents that could be prevented.


Journal of Travel Medicine | 2015

Risk Factors for Colonization With Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria Among Patients Admitted to the Intensive Care Unit After Returning From Abroad.

Marion Angue; Nicolas Allou; Olivier Belmonte; Yannick Lefort; Nathalie Lugagne; David Vandroux; Philippe Montravers; Jérôme Allyn


Asaio Journal | 2018

Cannula-Related Infection in Patients Supported by Peripheral ECMO: Clinical and Microbiological Characteristics

Nicolas Allou; Hugo Lo Pinto; Romain Persichini; Bruno Bouchet; Eric Braunberger; Nathalie Lugagne; Olivier Belmonte; Olivier Martinet; Benjamin Delmas; Laurence Dangers; Jérôme Allyn


Medicine | 2018

Delayed surgery in a patient with pneumococcal peritonitis and bacteremia secondary to perforation of gastroduodenal ulcer: A case report

Gwenola Allain-Jeannic; Nicolas Traversier; Olivier Belmonte; Dorothée Valance; Sarah Bekkar; Nicolas Allou; Jérôme Allyn

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Bruno Bouchet

University of La Réunion

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Eric Cardinale

Institut national de la recherche agronomique

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Eric Valade

École Normale Supérieure

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