Ondino Cleante Bataglia

Extraction of boron from soil by microwave heating for ICP‐AES determination

Abstract Extraction with hot water is the most widely used procedure to determine boron (B) in soils for the diagnosis of the nutrient availability for plants. However, this procedure is tedious for routine conditions and requires some special precautions. An alternative extraction procedure was developed, consisting in the extraction of B with a 1.25 g/L solution of barium chloride (BaCl2) or with water heated in a domestic microwave oven. Boron was determined either by inductively coupled argon plasma emission spectrometry (ICP‐AES) and by spectrophotometry with azomethine‐H. Good correlations were found between the extraction by boiling water under reflux and the extraction by the microwave heating for 13 Brazilian soils, and the contents of B obtained by spectrophotometry did not differ significantly from those obtained by ICP‐AES. Considering the calculated standard deviations, it can be concluded that microwave heating followed by ICP‐AES determination is an adequate procedure for the determination ...

Composição mineral de diversas hortaliças

Objetivou-se conhecer, na epoca normal de colheita, as quantidades de materia seca acumuladas, as concentracoes dos elementos essenciais as plantas, mais as de cobalto, aluminio e sodio na materia fresca e seca de 50 cultivares de hortalicas num total de 35 especies. As amostras, normalmente constituidas de produtos da colheita, foram na sua maioria procedentes da regiao de Campinas, Estado de Sao Paulo e separadas em: melancia - em casca + polpa branca, polpa vermelha e semente; melao - em casca + polpa e semente; ervilha - em vagem e grao; berinjela - em fruto e pedunculo; couve-flor - em folha e inflorescencia; beterraba, cenoura, nabo e rabanete - em folha e raiz; alcachofra - em folha + caule e inflorescencia. Das demais hortalicas foram utilizados o fruto todo, as folhas ou os bulbos sem separacao. Verificou-se que as leguminosas extrairam maiores quantidades de N, P, K, Mg, Cu, Mo, Zn e Co; as tuberosas, de Cl, Fe e Mn; as amarilidaceas, de S, B e Al; as folhosas, de Ca e Na. As cucurbitaceas extrairam menores quantidades da maioria dos nutrientes.

Early selection for growth vigor in rubber tree genotypes in northwestern São Paulo State (Brazil)

Forty-five genotypes (clones) of rubber tree [Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex Adr. de Juss.) Muell. Arg.] of different origins were assessed for efficiency of early selection at the Votuporanga Experimental Station in northwestern Sao Paulo State, Brazil, using a randomized complete block design with three replications and six plants per plot. Girth at 120 cm above the highest point of the grafting union of each tree was taken at ages 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72, 84 and 96 months. Highly significant differences in girth were detected among the genotypes at all ages evaluated, except for 12 months. Estimates of genetic variance for two age sets showed a substantial increase with age, while the genotype variation decreased. Selection made at 24 months proved to be the most efficient, giving a superior gain per unit of time.

Macronutrients in leaves and fruits of dwarf arabica coffee cultivars

Macronutrient mobilization from leaves to fruits in dwarf arabica coffee cultivars was studied, through serial leaf and fruit samplings. The experiment was set in 1994 in a Rhodic Hapludox soil at Campinas, State of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Third leaf from the apex of reproductive branches with fruits was collected for macronutrient determinations in December 2002, February and May 2003. Ripe fruits were sun drayed being grain and husks milled separately for analysis. Except for calcium it was observed a decrease in the leaf macronutrient concentrations during the growing season fruit. Concentration of all macronutrients in the leaves was slightly higher for high yielding cultivars as compared to the medium yielding cultivars, except for Ca displaying higher concentrations in high yielding cultivars. Except for Ca concentrations in husks there was no difference in the concentration of macronutrients in husks and grains of the cultivars, despite their great difference in grain yield. There was an inverse relation ship between yield and relative mobilization index. Grain dry weight of higher yielding cultivars was produced with relatively less remobilization of N, P and K from the leaves.

Calagem para a sucessao batata-triticale-milho usando calcários com diferentes teores de magnésio

No ano agricola de 1981/82 foi instalado num Cambissolo alico, com argila de atividade baixa e com horizonte A proeminente - unidade Urutu, da Estacao Experimental de Itarare (SP), um experimento de calagem para a sucessao de culturas batata-triticale-milho. Os tratamentos foram constituidos pelas doses 0, 3, 6, 9 e 12t/ha, utilizando-se tres calcarios com diferentes teores de magnesio, em esquema de parcelas subdivididas com quatro repeticoes. Houve resposta a aplicacao de doses de calcario para as tres culturas, porem sem diferencas entre os materiais corretivos. Os calcarios foram igualmente eficazes para a correcao da acidez do solo e forneceram magnesio em quantidades adequadas para as tres culturas. O calcio mostrou-se como nutriente importante para o crescimento de tuberculos de batata. E apresentada uma curva de calibracao para os teores de magnesio e a producao relativa das culturas.

Growth trends, genotype-environment interaction and genetic gains in six-year-old rubber tree clones (Hevea) in São Paulo State, Brazil

Budwood from seven different clones of rubber tree [Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex Adr. de Juss.) Muell. Arg.] was planted in replicated trials in four different test sites in the plateau region of the state of Sao Paulo, Brazil. The clones represented a range of imported germplasm, whereas the locations were selected to represent a range of rubber growing areas. Girths were measured for six years consecutively, before the initiation of tapping for latex. Total number of latex vessel rings (lvr) and bark thickness (bt) were measured at six years. The largest average for all characters was observed in Matao. Overall means for girth, total number of latex vessel rings and bark thickness at six years were 35.26 cm, 11.30 units and 4.83 mm, respectively. Both the test sites and clones showed statistically significant differences in girth, lvr and bt values. There were significant clone x site interactions. Girth at one year was not a reliable predictor of future field performance. Broad sense heritability for girth was 0.16, and for lvr and bt it was 0.28 and 0.40, respectively, at six years. Repeatability was quite high, from 0.52 to 0.75 for all characters in all years. When two clones out of seven were selected, expected genetic gain in girth was about 2.0%; for lvr and bt it was 7.0% and 14.6%, respectively.

Diagnose nutricional do cafeeiro pelo DRIS variando-se a constante de sensibilidade dos nutrientes de acordo com a intensidade e freqüência de resposta na produção

O objetivo deste trabalho foi testar a hipotese de usar escores diferenciados para nutrientes irresponsivos (I), medianamente responsivos (M) e responsivos (R), como forma de reduzir os efeitos da interdependencia no calculo dos indices do DRIS (Sistema Integrado de Diagnose e Recomendacao) e seus efeitos na diagnose nutricional do cafeeiro. O trabalho foi desenvolvido usando os resultados do monitoramento nutricional, pela analise foliar, de talhoes de cafeeiros em empresas produtoras situadas nos municipios de Matao e Franca (SP). Os dados foram coletados durante os anos de 1999 a 2001. Os calculos dos indices do DRIS foram feitos usando-se a formula proposta em 1981 por Jones, em sua forma original com uma constante de sensibilidade k = 30 para todas as relacoes entre nutrientes, ou atribuindo diferentes valores para a constante de sensibilidade em funcao da resposta do cafeeiro aos nutrientes. Os resultados, quando avaliados pela relacao entre o indice de balanco nutricional medio (IBNm) e a produtividade, mostraram que a atribuicao de escores diferenciados na ordem I<M<R mostrou maior eficiencia quando comparada ao metodo tradicional de calculo dos indices DRIS. A melhor relacao foi 1-6-10 e a pior, 1-10-1. Na analise comparativa com os diagnosticos obtidos pelo criterio de faixas de suficiencia (CFS) o uso de escores diferenciados para o calculo do DRIS mostrou desempenho ligeiramente superior para as melhores relacoes (I-M-R) quando se compararam as melhores e as piores relacoes, porem os ganhos em relacao ao procedimento tradicional de calculo, cujo peso relativo de todos os nutrientes e o mesmo, foram pequenos, indicando a necessidade de ajustes locais para a diagnose nutricional do cafeeiro pelo criterio de faixas de suficiencia.

Levantamento de cafèzais do Estado de São Paulo pela análise química foliar II: Solos Podzolizados de Lins e Marília, Latossolo Roxo e Podzólico Vermelho Amarelo-Orto

Em amostras de 134 cafezais, distribuidos nos principais grupos de solos do Estado de Sao Paulo, colhidas em tres estacoes do ano, foram determinados 12 elementos quimicos essenciais, sodio e aluminio. A percentagem de cafezais deficientes em nitrogenio foi superior a 80% em todos os solos. No Podzolizado de Lins e Marilia, o segundo elemento em falta foi o ferro. No Latossolo Roxo, depois do nitrogenio, a maior deficiencia foi a de potassio e zinco; no Podzolico Vermelho Amarelo-Orto, a de boro.

Determinação de cálcio e de magnésio em plantas, por fotometria de chama de absorção

As concentracoes de calcio e magnesio em extratos de plantas podem ser determinadas por fotometria de chama de absorcao com a precisao e exatidao requeridas, mediante a adicao de lantânio na concentracao de 0,1 %,como agente protetor. Para obtencao dos dados utilizou-se um espectrofotometro Perkin-Elmer, modelo 303, equipado com sistema digital de leitura.

Genetics of anthracnose panel canker disease resistance and its relationship with yield and growth characters in half-sib progenies of rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis)

Rubber tree [Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex Adr. de Juss.) Muell-Arg] anthracnose panel canker disease resistance, caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.) Sacc., and growth and yield characters were assessed at three years old in the nursery, in 18 half-sib progenies. There were highly significant (P < 0.01) genetic differences among progenies for most characters. The genetic component of variance accounted for 3.37, 6.07, 12.74, 12.13, 19.82 and 3.58% of the phenotypic variance for anthracnose-infected area, anthracnose lesion stripe length, yield, girth, virgin bark thickness and total number of latex vessel rings, respectively. Narrow-sense heritability estimates for the above characters were 13.45, 24.30, 50.97, 48.52, 79.30 and 14.30%, respectively. No significant genetic correlations were found among anthracnose panel canker resistance, yield and growth characters. The frequency distribution of anthracnose-infected area and anthracnose lesion stripe length suggests polygenic control. Selecting the best three progenies out of 18 progenies would result in a genetic gain of 12.87 and 24.24% for infected area and lesion stripe length, respectively. The best five selected individuals out of 50 individuals within each progeny would result in a genetic gain of 9.47 and 24.62%, with a total gain of 22.34 and 48.87% for these two characters, respectively.