Onur Keser

Protective effect of Spirulina platensis against cell damage and apoptosis in hepatic tissue caused by high fat diet.

Spirulina platensis is a microalga that may be a source of antioxidants that can reduce body fat deposition. Consumption of a high fat diet produces elevated blood lipid levels, inflammation and apoptosis. We investigated the possible effects of S. platensis on the blood lipid profile, and liver inflammation and apoptosis in rats fed a high fat diet. Sixty-four young male rats were divided into eight equal groups. The control group was fed a basic diet. The experimental groups were fed a diet for 60 days that was prepared by mixing variable amounts of 43% vegetable oil and 10% cholesterol with or without 3% S. platensis mixed with the basal diet. Blood and liver tissue samples were collected from each animal. Serum samples were used to analyze lipid parameters, total antioxidant status and total oxidant status. iNOS and eNOS were determined by immunohistochemistry. TUNEL staining was used to detect apoptosis to investigate a possible connection between inflammation and apoptosis in the liver tissue. The relations between fat deposition and liver degeneration were assessed by Sirius red staining and alpha-smooth muscle actin immunostaining. S. platensis reduced serum HDL-C, LDL-C and triglyceride, increased HDL-C levels in rats fed a high fat diet to near control levels, and reduced iNOS levels and increased eNOS levels in the liver tissue compared to vegetable oil and cholesterol treated groups. The apoptotic index was reduced in the groups that were fed a high fat or a basic diet when supplemented with S. platensis.

MİKOTOKSİNLERiN ÖNLENMESİNDE KULLANILAN BAZI YÖNTEMLER II. KiMYASAL VE BİYOLOJİK YÖNTEMLER

OZET Mikotoksilerin insan sagligi ve hayvan performansi uzerine olumsuz etkilerinin onlenmesinde fiziksel metotlar yannda pratik ve etkili kimyasal ve biyolojik onleyici stratejilere de gereksinim duyulmaktadir. Amonyak, ozon ve absorbanlarin uygulanmasi ve mikrobiyal inaktivasyon islemleri bu detoksifikasyon yontemlerinden bazilaridir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Mikotoksin, detoksifikasyon, kimyasal yontemler, biyolojik yontemler ABSTRACT SOME PREVENTIVE METHODS for MYCOTOXINS II. CHEMICAL and BIOLOGICAL METHODS Besides physical methods, the useful and effective chemical and biological strategies arc also needed in the prevention of negative effects of mycotoxins on human health and animal performance. Application of ammonia, ozone and adsorbents, and microbial inactivation arc some of these detoxification methods. Key Words: Mycotoxin, detoxification, chemical methods, biological methods

MİKOTOKSİNLERİN ÖNLENMESİNDE KULLANILAN BAZI YÖNTEMLER I. FİZİKSEL YÖNTEMLER

OZET Insan gidasi ve hayvan yemlerinin mantarlar tarafindan kontamine edilmesi ile onemli bir ekonomik kayip olusmaktadir. Mantarlarin sekonder metaboliti olan mikotoksinler insan ve hayvan sagligini, hayvansal verimi olumsuz yonde etkilemekte ve bu nedenle pratik ve etkili onleyici stratejilere gereksinim duyulmaktadir. Kimyasal ve biyolojik yontemler yaninda mikotoksinlerin etkilerini ortadan kaldirmak icin fiziksel yontemler icerisinde mekanik islemler, dansite ayrimi, termal yolla inaktivasyon ve isil islemler sayilabilir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Mikotoksin, detoksifikasyon, fiziksel metodlar. SOME PREVENTIVE METHODS FOR MYCOTOXINS I. PHYSICAL METHODS ABSRACT Significant economical losses may occure by contamination of foods and feeds with molds. Mycotoxins, which are seconder metabolites of moulds, effect human health and animal performance negatively. Therefore practical and efficient preventive strategies are needed such as physical methods including; mechanical process, density segregation, thermal inactivation and irradiation beside chemical and biological methods. Key Words: Mycotoxin, detoxification, physical methods