Oriol Nel·lo

The five challenges of urban rehabilitation. The Catalan experience

Since the mid-1990s, in Spain the evolution of the real estate market and the behaviour of demographical variables have led to an increased risk of social segregation in urban areas. In order to tackle the problems arising from this situation, the regional government of Catalonia promoted the Catalan Neighbourhoods Act. Passed in 2004, the law has enabled to undertake rehabilitation programmes in 141 neighbourhoods, affecting more than 1 million people (13% of total population) and a total committed investment of €1.33 billion. The experience shows some special features in the European context: first, it does not treat underprivileged neighbourhoods as an exception, but handles intervention in these areas as a structural urban policy; second, unlike the eminently reactive approach of many rehabilitation experiences, the approach of the Neighbourhoods Act is above all preventive; finally, the Catalan programme is not limited in time, but is indefinite: it began 7 years ago and has committed to action for at least 5 or 6 more years. Moreover, the scope of the resources mobilized and the neighbourhoods involved to date give the programme a level of power that is not easy to find in other European regions. The article describes the main features of the programme and explains how putting it into action has necessarily involved the need to face five challenges: inter-administrative cooperation; the cross-cutting nature of the programme and the comprehensiveness of action; citizen participation; forming a consensus; and the assessment of results and accountability.

Seven challenges for the study of urban movements

The article explores the difficulties and opportunities derived from the study of contemporary urban movements through the discussion of seven questions: definition of urban movements; understanding of their social characteristics; assessment of the issues raised by the movements; continuities and novelties in their composition and behavior; political significance; relationship between urban movements and institutions; and the standpoint of the researcher.