Orlando José dos Santos

Avaliação da ação da Aroeira (Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi) na cicatrização de feridas cirúrgicas em bexiga de ratos

PURPOSE: To evaluate the hydroalcoholic aroeira extract in the healing process of surgical incisions in the bladder of rats in an experimental comparative study. METHODS: Forty male Wistar rats were used. All of them underwent a median abdominal incision, with an 1cm cistotomy, followed by one plan suture with separated stitches of poliglactine 910 5-0. The animals were then divided into two groups of 20 rats each, and named the aroeira group (GA) and the control group (GC). In the first one, 80% hydro-alcoholic plant extract was injected in the peritoneal cavity, in a one dose of 100mg/kg. The second group, a 0.9% saline solution was injected in place of aroeira extract. Each group was divided into two subgroups (SGA and SGC) of 10 animals. According to their scheduled death, they were named subgroups SGA3 and SGC3 when killed in the 3th day after surgery and subgroups SGA7 and SGC7 in the 7th day. The abdominal cavity and the bladder suture were macroscopically evaluated. RESULTS: The microscopic analysis of the surgical incision in the bladder was performed by means of the hematoxilin-eosine stain and the trichrome of Masson. The macroscopic analysis showed an infection in the surgical incision in three rats of the SGC group and in one of the SGA, and peritoneal adhesion in the 26 rats belonging nine to SGC and 17 in the SGA. The microscopic evaluation revealed a more severe acute inflammation process in the SGC on the 3th (p=0.045) and in the 7th (0=0.002) days. In the SGA, a more significant colagenization (p=0.001) could be seen, as far as the evidence of vascular neoformation (p=0.002) on the 3th day. Chronic inflammatory reaction (p=0.006) and a more intense vascular neoformation (p=0.001) were observed in the 7th day. CONCLUSION: The hydroalcoholic aroeira extract have a favorable effect in the healing process of cystotomies done in rats.

Avaliação do extrato de Aroeira (Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi) no processo de cicatrização de gastrorrafias em ratos

PURPOSE: To evaluate the healing process of gastric suture in rats using hydroalcoholic aroeira (Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi) extract. METHODS: Forty adult male rats, divided into two groups of 20 animals were operated and named as follows: aroeira group (Ga), and the control group (Gc). Each group was divided into two subgroups (SG) of 10 animals (SGa and SGc) according to the time of provoked death (three and seven days). The same surgical procedure was performed in all animals consisting in incision and simple suture of the stomach (Prolene® 6-0). The only difference was on the type of medical treatment. The aroeira group received a single 100mg/kg of aroira extract in an intraperitoneal dose and the animals from the control group received the same quantity in milliliters (ml) of the isotonic saline solution. The evaluated parameters were: macroscopic alterations, microscopic healing process and toleration to atmospheric air insufflation. RESULTS: All animals had good healing process of abdominal wall with no clinical evidence of infection, dehiscence, abscesses and peritonitis. Both groups presented adherences to gastric suture line area with surrounding organs, mainly the liver, lower intestines and the abdominal wall. Microscopic analysis showed only chronic inflammation significant difference between the aroeira and control groups on the third day of observation. Resistance tests did not present significant statistical differences in the studied groups. CONCLUSION: The use of aroeira (Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi) hydro-alcoholic extract did not alter the stomach healing process, considered on macroscopic, tensiometric and microscopic assessment.

Schinus terebinthifolius raddi (anacardiaceae) no processo de cicatrização de gastrorrafias em ratos

BACKGROUND: Gastrorraphy, isolated or associated with the use of biological adhesives, was throughout the history of surgery the usual way to promote healing in gastric lesions and the use of herbal medicine has been increasingly more employed. AIM: To evaluate the wound healing in the stomach of rats with the use of the hydroalcoholic extract of Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi (aroeira). METHODS: Sixty rats, adult males, were divided into two groups: aroeira group and control group. Each one was subdivided into four subgroups of 15 animals (test groups). Each subdivided subgroup was also subdivided into three subgroups of five rats (deaths periods of 7, 14 and 21 days). All animals underwent the same surgical procedure (injury and stomach suture); animals in the aroeira group received daily dose of 100 mg/kg of hydroalcoholic extract via gavage while the control group received isotonic saline solution. Parameters evaluated were: macroscopic and microscopic changes, test for resistance to insufflation of atmospheric air and test for tensile strength. RESULTS: All animals had good healing of the abdominal wall and gastrorraphies without infection and dehiscence. Both groups had adhesions to the gastrorraphies surfaces with neighboring organs. The resistance test by insufflation of atmospheric air and tensile strength showed higher average of pressure on the 7th day and breaking strength in the time periods for the aroeira group. The intensity of chronic inflammation revealed statistically significant differences in the variables fibroblast proliferation and collagen. CONCLUSION: The use of hydroalcoholic extract of Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi accelerated the stomach healing in rats.

Effect of Carapa guianensis Aublet (Andiroba) and Orbignya phalerata (Babassu) in colonic healing in rats

OBJECTIVE to evaluate the healing effect of the babassu aqueous extract and andiroba oil on open wounds in the cecum of rats. METHODS fifty-four Wistar rats were divided into three groups of 18: 1) babassu group with application of aqueous extract of babassu; 2) andiroba group with application of the oil; and 3) control group, with application of saline solution. All procedures were done by gavage. Each group was divided into three subgroups of six animals according to the observation period of 7, 14 or 21 days. From each animal was removed caecum fragment of 1.5cm² diameter. The areas of the lesions were analyzed macroscopically and resected specimens by light microscopy using hematoxylin-eosin and Massons trichrome. RESULTS abscess and infection were observed in two aroeira group animals, and in one only hematoma. In relationship to adhesions degree, babassu group had higher incidence of grade II while in the control and aroeira groups predominated adhesions grade I. On microscopic examination on day 7 fibroblast proliferation was greater in aroeira and lower in babassu group (p=0.028). On the 14th day polymorphonuclear were less pronounced in babassu (p=0.007). As for the resistance test of air insufflation, it was observed that in all andiroba group in all tested days showed be higher. As for collagen, on the 7th day it was present in 100% of animals of aroeira group. On the 14th day was more pronounced in the control group and at day 21 similar results were found in the control and aroeira groups. CONCLUSION animals in babassu and andiroba groups showed better cecum healing compared to the control group.

Efeito de Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi (aroeira) e Carapa guianensis Aublet (andiroba) na cicatrização de gastrorrafias

BACKGROUND: The gastrorraphy isolated or associated with the use of biological adhesives formed throughout the history of surgery the usual way to promote healing in gastric lesions; however, the use of herbal medicine has been increasingly employed to help the wound healing. AIM: To evaluate the wound healing caused in the stomach of rats using extract of Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi and Carapa guianensis Aublet oil. METHODS: Ninety rats, adult males were divided into three groups: aroeira, andiroba and control group, which were subdivided into three subgroups of five animals according to the time of the deaths (seven, 14 and 21 days). All underwent the same surgical procedure (injury and suture the stomach) differing only to the animals in groups aroeira and andiroba that received a daily dose of 100 mg / kg of hydroalcoholic extract and oil, by gavage, while the control group received normal saline. The parameters evaluated were the macroscopic and microscopic test of resistance to air insufflation and test the traction force. RESULTS: All animals showed good healing of gastric and abdominal wall without infection and dehiscence. Both groups presented neighboring organs adhesions on the gastric surface. The endurance test for air insufflation showed higher average pressure within seven days and the test revealed greater traction force of rupture between seven and 14 days in groups aroeira and andiroba. The intensity of chronic inflammation revealed statistically significant differences in angiogenesis and fibroblast proliferation. CONCLUSION: The use of extract of Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi and Carapa guianensis Aublet oil favored the gastric wound healing in rats.

Phytotherapy evolution in the healing process in surgery

Brazil has the most diverse forest reserve of planet. Many species used for medicinal purposes are consumed with little or no evidence of its pharmacological properties. The use of medicinal plants is not restricted to rural areas or regions devoid of pharmaceutical and health care. They are also used extensively in urban areas, as an alternative or complement to allopathic medicines. The medicinal potential of a species is related to active ingredients capable to produce different pharmacological effects, such as analgesics, antiseptics, diuretics, expectorants, sedatives, digestive, healing, emollients, antidiarrheals and others. Among the bioactive substances that can be found in various parts of a plant may be cited: alkaloids, saponins, tannins, glycosides, flavonoids and essential oils. However, most of the data regarding to the use of these plants is still based on empirical and popular saying. The interest in discovering new substances makes scientists of various areas look for plant species in brazilian flora with medicinal properties used by the population. This is what can be seen in several studies that evaluate the healing potential of plants capable of stimulating surgical repair. In the State of Maranhão, Brazil, in 2004, an initial project was conducted where was tried to analyze four plants with therapeutic potential1,2,3,4. They were: Passiflora edulis (passion fruit), Jatropha gossypiifolia (mixer purple), Orbignya phalerata (babassu) and Shinus terebinthifolius Raddi (aroeira). Eight years later, few advances have been reported in the literature. However, Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi (aroeira) was further studied by Santos5, trying to identify the active fraction of this plant. The results were very promising and envisage new possibilities of its therapeutic use. Thus, many studies have been done about the aroeira, studied the morphology and anatomy of the seed, barks and leaves, chemical and microscopic examination of the plant, barks development and fruits development, even clinical drug trials (phase I) of an herbal compound by aroeira, mint and eucalyptus, showing the importance of this plant. New drugs may arise from this product, some in the market using the fraction. The aroeira is known as a toxic plant; many of its properties or its curative effects can be attributed to the different polyphenols that are distributed unevenly in its different organs. Polyphenols are substances of great importance for the physiology of the plant contributing to the defense mechanism. Through phytochemical screening, barks revealed that are rich in tannins, phenols and steroids; thus carries the medicinal use of this plant popular for its antiinflammatory, astringent and hemostatic. These active ingredients serve as chemical markers for quantification and standardization of this part of the plant, its extracts and herbal products obtained from it. In addition, several authors have studied the compositions of plant parts, isolating compounds such as essential oils, flavonoids, the enriched flavonoids fractions, shinol, masticadienic acid, isolated biflavonoids and triterpenes. This issue of the ABCD brings in its pages 140-146 the most recent experimental research on this plant in the study of healing of the stomach. The seed was planted, the results show scientific evidence, the need to advance is so well established that the scientific community should arouse interest and further studies on the clinical applicability of our flora. It is expected that the final product can be directed to your highest final goal: to bring health and wellness for the Brazilian population.

Use of 2-octyl cyanoacrylate adhesive in rat liver induced lesion

PURPOSE To evaluate the healing process of rat traumatic liver lesion corrected with the use of 2-octyl cyanoacrylate adhesive, compared to the use of biologically absorbable chromed catgut thread suture. METHODS Thirty mail adult rats were divided into two groups (15 per group) according to the used method for liver lesion correction as follows: adhesive group (AG), and catgut group (CG); each group being divided into three subsets of five animals (7th, 14th, and 21st day), respectively, according to post-surgery evaluation. All animals were submitted to homogeneous lesion applying synthetic bonding to AG and using chromed catgut suture to CG for lesion correction. Macroscopic and microscopic parameters of healing processes were evaluated. RESULTS Both groups of animals showed excellent abdominal wall healing, with no evidence of infection, and no abdominal cavity peritonitis or abscess. The presence of adherence was observed in both groups with no statistically significant difference. As to macroscopic evaluation, there was statistically significant difference with respect to specific factors of clinical inflammation (ischemic inflammation and giant celular inflammatory reaction) between animals evaluated on the 10th day (ischemic necrosis and giant cellular inflammatory reaction) among animals evaluated on the 14th day (A14 versus C14). CONCLUSION Applying 2-octyl-cyanoacrylate adhesive for correcting rat liver lesion does not change healing process when compared to the use of chromed catgut stitch.

Cicatrização gástrica com uso do extrato da Euphorbia Tirucalli L.: estudo em ratos

BACKGROUND The use of plants in the prevention and treatment of disease is age-old practice. The aveloz (Euphorbia tirucalli) is a plant native of Africa and has been associated with antimicrobial, antiulcers, anticarcinogenic, antiviral, healing, anti-helminthic, antisiphilitic effects. AIM To analyze the effect of the crude extract of Euphorbia tirucalli L. in the stomach healing process of mice. METHODS Sixteen Swiss mice, adult females were subjected to 1 cm longitudinal incision in the gastric body and sutured with 6-0 polypropylene stitches. After the procedure, the animals were randomly divided into two groups of eight animals. These were redistributed into four subgroups: Aveloz (GA7) and Control (CG7) with programmed death for 7th day postoperatively and Aveloz (GA14) and Control (GC14) with programmed death for 14 days postoperatively. The group GA used 1 ml of hydroalcoholic solution of the crude extract of Euphorbia tirucalli at 30 mg/ml orally by gavage route and the CG, 0.9% saline solution at the same volume and route. After death, the inventory of the abdominal cavity was conducted and the stomach removal was performed, fixing in formalin and sent for microscopic analysis. In the comparative analysis between the two groups were evaluated the macroscopic and microscopic parameters of healing. RESULTS There were no signs of peritonitis, fistulas or hematomas in the animals. There were adhesions of the stomach, especially with the liver and omentum in the animals at 7 and 14 days postoperatively in both groups. The analysis of histological parameters showed no statistically significant difference between groups in any of the parameters evaluated. CONCLUSION The evaluation of the use of the crude extract of Euphorbia tirucalli L. on stomach wound healing in mice showed equivalence in comparison to the control group.

Evaluation of the use of raw extract of Euphorbia tirucalli L. in the healing process of skin wounds in mice

PURPOSE To evaluate the effects of crude extract of Euphorbia tirucalli in cutaneous wound healing. METHODS A total of 20 Swiss mice were randomly divided into two groups, aveloz (GA) and control (CG), and each group was further divided into two subgroups based on the deaths scheduled for the 7th and 14th days after surgery. The animals underwent a resection of cutaneous fragment with 1cm in diameter on the dorsum; the GA was applied in each animal on the subsequent days, 0.1 mL (30 mg/mL) hydroalcoholic extract of Euphorbia tirucalli was applied on the wound, while the same volume of 0.9% saline solution was applied to the GC. It was evaluated the lesion diameter and after programmed death, a surgical specimen was resected for histopathology. RESULTS In the macroscopic analysis, no statistically significant difference was observed (p = 0.120 and p = 0.186, for the 7th and 14th days of death, respectively). The histological evaluation revealed no statistically significant difference in the variables acute inflammation (p = 0.014) and fibrosis (p = 0.018), when compared the group aveloz with the control group on day 14. CONCLUSION The crude hydroalcoholic extract of Euphorbia tirucalli L. demonstrated better outcomes in the healing process, acute inflammation and fibrosis on the 14 day postoperatively.

Use of raw Euphorbia tirucalli extract for inhibition of ascitic Ehrlich tumor

OBJECTIVE to evaluate the effect of the Euphorbia tirucalli hydroalcoholic extract (ETHE) on the development of Ehrlich Tumor, in its ascitic form. METHODS we intraperitoneally inoculated 15 Swiss mice with 10.44 x 107 cells of Ehrlich Tumor and divided them in two groups one day after: ETHE Group (eight mice), treated with a dosage of 125 mg/kg/day of EHTE for five days; and Control Group (seven mice), treated only with 0.9% isotonic saline solution over the same period. The treatment was done by gavage. Ten days after inoculation, four mice from each group were sacrificed for quantification of tumor cell number, ascitic fluid volume and bone marrow cell number. The remaining animals were maintained to evaluate survival. RESULTS The ascitic fluid volume and the tumor cell number were decreased in the ETHE group when compared with the control group, but with no statistical significance. On the other hand, survival was higher in the ETHE group, as well as the number of bone marrow cells. CONCLUSION Treatment with ETHE after inoculation of Ehrlich Tumor decreases its development and increases survival and the bone marrow cellularity, thus reducing the myelosuppression present in the Ehrlich Tumor bearing mice.