Orsolya Egyed

Spectroscopic studies on β-cyclodextrin

Abstract Fourier transform infrared and Raman spectra of β-CD are reported, with emphasis on the most important characteristic bands indicating complexation. Assignments are based on literature data for α- d -glucopyranose and curve fitting calculations regarding the OH stretching region.

INVESTIGATION OF THE MORPHOLOGICAL COMPOSITION OF CIMETIDINE BY FT-RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY

The Raman spectra of six polymorphic crystal forms of N-cyano-N′-methyl-N″-{2-[(5-methyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)methylthio]ethyl}-guanidine (Cimetidine) have been studied to investigate the possibility of quantitative analysis of polymorphic mixtures. Characteristic Raman bands of the various polymorphs have been found, some of which proved to be appropriate for quantitative analysis. The applicability of various mathematical techniques has been investigated, of which partial least-squares (PLS) has been found to be the best.

FTIR studies of organometalcarbonyl-tagged enzymes

Abstract Attachment of organometaltricarbonyl tags to enzymes is revealed by changes in the vibrational modes of the carbonyl groups. Shoulders on ν sym( CO ) and ν asym( CO ) bands in the FTIR spectrum of an organometallic tag derived from tricarbonyl[1-{(2,3,4,5-η)-2,4-cyclohexadien-1-yl}pyridinium]iron(1 +) hexafluorophosphate(1 −) were detected on binding to enzymes (α-chymotrypsin, ribonuclease A, alkaline phosphatase and a triacylglycerol lipase). By comparison with tagging reactions between the tricarbonyliron moiety and model compounds, the new spectral features were attributed to an iron complex covalently bonded to the NH 2 groups of the amino acid residues of the enzymes. FTIR spectroscopy was used to monitor deprotonation of tagged amino groups on the enzyme surface. Interactions between the organometalcarbonyl tag and other side-chain groups of the amino acid residues were also investigated.

A new cyclization to fused pyrazoles tunable for pericyclic or pseudopericyclic route: an experimental and theoretical study.

2-Pyrazinyl (2) and 3-pyridazinylketone arylhydrazones (6) and their benzologues undergo a ring closure reaction to yield pyrazolo[3,4- b]pyrazines (4) and pyrazolo[4,3- c]pyridazines (7), respectively, in acceptable to good yields. The reaction was found to be accelerated by using acidic or basic conditions. Quantum chemical calculations suggest the key step of the mechanism to be a direct cyclization; analysis of aromaticity based on computed magnetic properties revealed its medium-dependent pericyclic or pseudopericyclic character. The cyclization reaction has also been extended for the synthesis of related ring systems ( 9, 12, 14).

Synthesis and pharmacological investigation of new N-hydroxyalkyl-2- aminophenothiazines exhibiting marked MDR inhibitory effect

Novel N-hydroxyalkyl-2-aminophenothiazines implying a tetrazole moiety at the alkyl chain have been synthesized by hydroboration-oxidation of dienes followed by Buchwald-Hartwig cross-coupling reaction. Also, some sulfoxide and sulfone derivatives have been prepared by selective oxidations. MDR inhibition studies on rat hepatocyte cell culture revealed that some derivatives exhibit marked biological efficacy exceeding that of the standard verapamil (e.g., 3h, 4h, 16). Selected derivatives were subjected to chemical resolution to provide both enantiomers which were shown of similar activity on P-gp interaction measurements. The new compounds exhibited no toxicity.

Assignment problems of amino acids, di- and tripeptides and proteins in the near infrared region

Abstract Nine amino acids, four dipeptides, one tripeptide and several types of proteins were studied by reflectance and absorption FT-IR spectroscopy. Mid-IR and, where necessary, Raman frequencies were applied to assign the combination and overtone bands occurring in the near-IR region. On one occasion, an isotope effect (deuterization) was also employed for the recognition of the combinations involving N + H 3 vibrations. The overtone and combination bands of N + H 3 , CH 3 , CH 2 , NH 2 and amide groups were, in part, assigned. On the basis of this assignment and with the use of second derivative and/or Fourier deconvolved spectra, attempts were made to recognize the characteristic features of glutamine and asparagine components of some proteins. The IR spectra were taken on an FT-IR spectrometer with a configuration allowing spectra to be measured in the 10,000 to 400 cm −1 range.

Temperature dependence of backbone dynamics in human ileal bile acid-binding protein: Implications for the mechanism of ligand binding

Human ileal bile acid-binding protein (I-BABP), a member of the family of intracellular lipid binding proteins plays a key role in the cellular trafficking and metabolic regulation of bile salts. The protein has two internal and, according to a recent study, an additional superficial binding site and binds di- and trihydroxy bile salts with positive cooperativity and a high degree of site-selectivity. Previously, in the apo form, we have identified an extensive network of conformational fluctuations on the millisecond time scale, which cease upon ligation. Additionally, ligand binding at room temperature was found to be accompanied by a slight rigidification of picosecond-nanosecond (ps-ns) backbone flexibility. In the current study, temperature-dependent (15)N NMR spin relaxation measurements were used to gain more insight into the role of dynamics in human I-BABP-bile salt recognition. According to our analysis, residues sensing a conformational exchange in the apo state can be grouped into two clusters with slightly different exchange rates. The entropy-enthalpy compensation observed for both clusters suggests a disorder-order transition between a ground and a sparsely populated higher energy state in the absence of ligands. Analysis of the faster, ps-ns motion of (15)N-(1)H bond vectors indicates an unusual nonlinear temperature-dependence for both ligation states. Intriguingly, while bile salt binding results in a more uniform response to temperature change throughout the protein, the temperature derivative of the generalized order parameter shows different responses to temperature increase for the two forms of the protein in the investigated temperature range. Analysis of both slow and fast motions in human I-BABP indicates largely different energy landscapes for the apo and holo states suggesting that optimization of binding interactions might be achieved by altering the dynamic behavior of specific segments in the protein.

Selective hydroboration of dieneamines. Formation of hydroxyalkylphenothiazines as MDR modulators

N-dienylphenothiazines synthesized from tetrazolo[1,5-a]pyridinium salts by treatment with phenothiazine were subjected to catalytic hydrogenation to yield N-butylphenothiazines, whereas transformation of these dienes with borane dimethyl sulfide (BH(3) × Me(2)S) resulted in selective hydroboration of one double bond and full reduction of the other double bond to give 2-hydroxybutylphenothiazines. Position of the hydroxyl group was supported by NMR spectroscopy and verified by X-ray analysis. Comparison of MDR modulatory activity of the new derivatives revealed that the hydroxybutyl compounds are promising candidates for development of novel MDR inhibitors.

Rearrangement of aryl- and benzylthiopyridinium imides with participation of a methyl substituent

6-Methyl substituted 2-aryl- and 2-benzylthiopyridinium N-imides reacted with an excess of isocyanates to give N,N-disubstituted exocyclic1H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridin-2(3H)-ones. The products easily underwent spontaneous [1,5] hydrogen shift to provide the heteroaromatic imidazopyridinone isomers. The transformation implied the initial formation of [1,2,4]triazolo[2,3-a]pyridinium salt, followed by deprotonation and carbamoylation of the methylene moiety, and, finally, a rearrangement following a [1,3] sigmatropic pattern. Mechanistic considerations suggest and some experimental findings reveal the nonconcerted two-step mechanism of the ring transformation step.

Synthesis of novel pyrazolo[5,1-b] [1,3]benzothiazoles: A new pericyclic pathway

2-Benzylbenzothiazoles were easily N-aminated by tosyl hydroxylamine, and the obtained N-amino salts were reacted with ethyl orthoformate to give new derivatives of the pyrazolo[5,l-b][l,3]benzothiazole ring system. Mechanistic considerations suggest that the ring closure reaction proceeds via deprotonation of the N-amino salt followed by electrocyclization to provide the tricyclic ring system. The procedure opens an easy access to variously substituted derivatives of the target ring system.