Osama Naga

Fetus and Newborn Infants (Neonatology)

Nonstress test is the most common noninvasive test; it monitors the fetal heart rate accelerations that follow the fetal movements.

The Last Minute Review

Last minute review tables designed for a quick review before the exam; it helps the learner self-test their ability to the correct or most likely diagnosis and patient management in a very short time. Pediatric board study guide will offer further clarifications and additional information related to the topics on the last minute review section.

The Acutely III Child

Evaluation of a very ill child in a busy pediatric practice can be challenging; illnesses in a pediatric office can vary from a simple viral infection to a life-threatening event; index of suspicious with children must be maintained high all the time regardless the large number of children seen in the office with mild to moderate health problems.

Genetics and Dysmorphology

Autosomal dominant (AD) inheritance is determined by the presence of one abnormal gene on one of the autosome (chromosome 1–22).

Adolescent Medicine and Gynecology

Automobile and motorcycle accidents are the leading causes of adolescent morbidity and mortality.

Allergic and Immunologic Disorders

Allergies and immunological disorders affect the children’s daily life, growth, and performance. Severe immunodeficiency can be life threatening and associated with high risk of malignancies.

Approach to a Limping Child

The “limping child” is a common complaint in the pediatric clinic. Various pathologies can cause limping in children.

The Knee/Leg

The knee joint is a hinge joint. It is the largest synovial joint in the body. The main motion in the knee joint is flexion–extension. Mild internal rotation-external rotation and adduction-abduction can occur.

Introduction to Orthopedic Nomenclature

Introduction to Orthopedic Nomenclature chapter is covering the definitions and names of different parts of the bone, and movements as well which can help the clinician to understand the name of the disease,shape of the deformity or malformation and common orthopedic procedures.

General Conditions Affecting the Bones

Affection of the bony skeleton with deformity and shortness. Can affect the epiphysis, the metaphysis or the diaphysis. Can sometimes affect the spine (spondylodysplasia).