Oscar Raúl Mancilla Villa

Calidad del agua para riego y suelos agrícolas en Tuxcacuesco, Jalisco

espanolEl objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar la calidad del agua para riego y suelos agricolas del municipio de Tuxcacuesco. Se realizaron muestreos compuestos de ambos recursos durante Junio de 2015, las colectas se analizaron en el laboratorio de suelos del CUCSUR, se estimaron pH, CE, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na, K, CHO3(2+), HCO3, SO4(2-) y Cl; los indices de salinidad, sodicidad, toxicidad, asi como concentracion ionica, contenido de Boro y fertilidad del suelo. Los valores de pH en suelo y agua se presentaron en un rango de 7.1 a 8.5, respecto a la concentracion ionica se clasifico a las aguas como magnesicas-bicarbonatadas y a las soluciones de suelo como sodicas-bicarbonatadas, en cuanto a RAS y CE ambos recursos fueron clasificados como S1 y C1 lo que significa que sus contenidos de sales y sodio son bajos, en el caso particular de fertilidad del suelo, los nutrientes principales (N, P, K y materia organica) se encuentran bajos respecto a los reportados en otras investigaciones. Los valores de CSR para las muestras tanto de agua como de suelo se encuentran entre -12 y -1.3. El contenido de Boro no alcanza los niveles de toxicidad, por el contrario, representa un aporte como micronutriente para los cultivos. En conjunto ambos recursos son recomendables para las actividades agricolas, sin embargo en el caso puntual de fertilidad del suelo, es necesario modificar algunas practicas para elevar las concentraciones de N, P, K y materia organica, con el fin de incrementar la fertilidad y fomentar el manejo sostenible del recurso. EnglishThe aim of this study was to analyze the quality of water for irrigation and agricultural soils in the municipality of Tuxcacuesco. Sampling compounds of both resources were made during June 2015, the collects were analyzed in the soil laboratory of CUCSUR were estimated pH; CE, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na, K, CHO3(2+), HCO3, SO4(2-) and Cl, salinity levels, sodicity, toxicity and ionic strength, Boron content and soil fertility. The pH values in soil and water were presented in a range of 7.1 to 8.5, respect to the ionic con-centration water was ranked as magnesium-bicarbonate and soil solutions as sodium-bicarbonate, regarding RAS and EC both resources were classified as C1 and S1 which means that their percentage of salts and sodium are low, in the case of soil fertility, the content of the primary nutrients (N, P, K and organic matter) are low compared to reported in other investigations. SRC values for samples of both water and soil are between -12 and -1.3. The Boron content does not reach toxic levels, by contrast, it represents a contribution of this micronutrient for crops. Together, both resources are recommended for agricultural activities, however, in the specific case of soil fertility, it is necessary to change some practices to increase the concentrations of N, P, K and organic matter, in order to increase fertility and promote sustainable resource management.

Hidrogeoquímica de salinas Zapotitlán y los lagos-cráter Alchichica y Atexcac, Puebla

In this study we carried on the experimental evaporation of brines from two saline crater-lakes: Alchichica and Atexcac, in the Basin of the Oriental, Puebla, and from a saline spring, Salinas Chiquitas, Zapotitlan, Puebla, thus documenting patterns of evolution to higher stages of concentration of solutions. In addition 214 low concentration waters were considered which flow in the basins of Puebla, Tlaxcala and Veracruz, to know and compare the hydrogeochemical composition of the solutions analyzed from different geographical areas of Mexico. The experiment of evaporation was carried out under isothermal conditions at 50 °C until complete drying of the system, during this process brine samples were collected in which their anions and cations contents were analyzed, as well as in low water concentration. The three brines are similar in chemical characteristics, they present Na-Cl type solutions, with significant variations in the content of SiO2 and HCO3; meanwhile low concentration waters are HCO3-Ca type solutions. The geochemical developmental pathways that low concentration waters have are mostly first carbonated and second calcium. Meanwhile the brines of the crater-lakes and the saline spring of Zapotitlan present the direct sulfated route.