Osman Erekul

Einfluss der organischen und mineralischen stickstoffdüngung auf ertrag und brauqualität von sommergerste.‐standortvergleich berlin (deutschland)—Tartu (Estland)

In den seit 1986 in Berlin‐Dahlem und seit 1989 in Tartu‐Eerika durchgefuhrten Internationalen Organischen Stickstoffdauerdungungsversuchen sind in den Jahren 1996 bis 1998 gemeinsame Untersuchungen zum Einflus der unterschiedlichen Standorte auf die Ertrags‐ und Qualitatsbildung von Sommergerste vorgenommem worden. Die Kornertrage waren im achtjahrigen Mittel bei gleichgerichtetem Dungungseinflus am Standort Tartu trotz niedrigerer Temperaturen und kurzerer Vegetationszeit um bis zu 25% hoher, als am Standort Berlin. Die hoheren Ertrage in Tartu beruhten auf hoheren Bestandesdichten, vor allem aber auf groseren Kornzahlen je Ahre, bedingt durch eine ausgepragte Langtagwirkung und eine langere tagliche Assimilationsdauer von bis zu 3,2 Stunden wahrend der Ahrchenanlage und ‐reduktion. Mit steigendem N‐Angebot nahm der Proteingehalt im Gerstenkorn sowie im Malz an beiden Standorten deutlich zu und der Extraktgehalt im Malz entsprechend ab. Bei der Futtergerstensorte ‘Baronesse’ konnten die Brauqualitatspar...

Yield and bread-making quality of different wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes grown in Western Turkey

For Western Turkey (Aegean region) there is a lack of knowledge about the quality potentials of wheat varieties commonly grown in the area. In a field trial we monitored yield, grain quality and rheological properties of 18 wheat genotypes and computed a baking quality index (BQI) to facilitate the detection of high quality varieties. Grain yield ranged from 4047–6406 kg ha−1 in 2004 and from 5167–8099 kg ha−1 in 2005. Crude protein content and farinograph quality number ranged from 8.4% and 27 mm to 14.0% and 135 mm in 2004 and from 9.4% and 33 mm to 13.1% and 98 mm in 2005, respectively. Lines PFAU/WEAVER and CHILERO, such as varieties Golia and Gönen exhibit particularly high Gluten-index values (>80%) that caused favourable rheological properties with farinograph quality numbers of more than 80 mm. The genotypes differed markedly in yield and quality parameters which highlights the need to choose appropriate genotypes for production of high quality wheat in Western Turkey. A close correlation between BQI and farinograph quality number indicates that BQI can be a more valuable tool for detecting genotypes with high bread-making quality, than single quality parameters.

Einfluss langjährig differenzierter organisch‐mineralischer düngung auf den ertrag, die Ertragsstruktur und die Backqualität von Winterweizen

Im Internationalen organischen Stickstoff‐Dauerdüngungsversuch (IOSDV) hatte die organisch‐mineralische Düngung starken, von der Jahreswitterung modifizierten Einfluß auf die Ertrags‐ und Qualitätsbildung von Winterweizen. Anhand von Blattflächenindex‐Messungen konnten Wachstum und Entwicklung des Winterweizens in Abhängigkeit von den geprüften Faktoren dargestellt werden. Auf den Kornertrag wirkte sich am stärksten die Jahreswitterung aus, gefolgt von der mineralischen N‐Düngung und der organischen Düngung. Dies beruhte auf den Bodenverhältnissen am Versuchsstandort. Trockenperioden während der Blütenbildungsphase, die insbesondere durch Wasserdefizite verursacht wurden, führten vor allem bei der Kornzahl je Ähre und Bestandesdichte zu starken Reduktionen. Im Mittel der Jahre wurde mit 60 kg/ha N‐Düngung das Erfragsoptimum erreicht. Höhere N‐Mengen waren nicht effektiv. Die organische Düngung in Form von “Stallmistdüngung”; und “Stroh‐, Grün‐, Rübenblattdüngung”; führte beim Winterweizen zu signifikanten Mehrerträgen, wobei die größten Unterschiede bei Verzicht auf Mineral‐N‐Düngung auftraten. Die Backqualität der B‐Weizensorte Ares war primär von der mineralischen N‐Düngung abhängig. Die erforderlichen Werte für Weichweizen wurden überwiegend erst mit 110 bzw. 160 kg/ha N Mineral‐N‐Düngung erreicht. Mit organischer Düngung und vor allem durch Rübenblattdüngung wurde die Backqualität des Weizens sowohl in den Varianten ohne Mineral‐N als auch in Kombination mit der mineralischen N‐Düngung verbessert.

Influence of variety and mineral N-fertilization on yield and brewing quality of spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) in Western Turkey

Abstract This research was conducted to determine yield and quality potentials of spring barley varieties under ecological conditions in the Aegean region (Western Turkey). The main focus of the research was to investigate essential brewing quality parameters of different barley varieties. The yield of barley varieties, which was determined at the Aydin location, was approximately two times higher compared to practical agricultural conditions in the region. The German brewing barley variety Scarlett yielded 61.2 kg ha−1 which presented the highest grain yield. This is primarily due to autumn planting and longer vegetation periods. Limited water supply and high temperatures during the main growing season caused important fluctuation of yield components and lead to yield losses. All brewing quality parameters that depend on mineral N-fertilization showed target values, except for low sieving value (grading fraction > 2.5 mm), for all varieties in 2005. It was determined that protein content 80 kg ha−1 nitrogen fertilization for Turkish varieties and 120 kg ha−1 nitrogen fertilization for the German variety Scarlett should not be exceeded. The German brewing barley variety Scarlett showed better brewing properties than Turkish brewing barley varieties Kaya and Serife-Hanim at the Aydin location. However, differences between Scarlett and Kaya were minor. It was found that growing spring barley varieties for their higher grain yield potential, external grain quality and brewing quality parameters should be developed at the Aydin location and extended to the Aegean region.

Effects of N-application on utilization of 15N and 13C and quality in two wheat cultivars.

We studied N uptake and distribution in wheat, and the incorporation of nitrogen and carbon into gluten and non-gluten proteins using a double-labelling approach with 15N and 13C. Doses of N-fertilizer were split and applied at emergence, onset of stem elongation, and heading at rates of 280/140/140 mg N pot−1, respectively simulating 90/45/45 kg N ha−1. Five different combinations of N-fertilizations containing no or 10 % 15N were performed. The recovery of 15N added at the stages emergence, stem elongation or heading were 42, 60, and 64 %. Application of 15N at all three stages yielded in 51 % recovery. Remobilisation of straw N was greater for Golia. The 15N concentration in gluten proteins of Golia show higher values than Gönen. The ratio of 15N gluten/15N non-gluten proteins of Golia were higher, which implies a lower non-gluten protein activity during grain filling. The 13C concentration in gluten and non-gluten proteins did not differ between both cultivars.

Einfluss differenzierter Stickstoffdüngung auf Kornertrag und Backqualität von Winterweizen: (Effect of different nitrogen fertilization on yield and bread-making quality of winter wheat)

Abstract In the “International Long-term Organic Nitrogen Fertilization Experiment” (IOSDV) the organic and mineral fertilization showed a distinct influence on yield formation and quality parameters of winter wheat, though modified by annual weather conditions. Grain yield was affected by annual weather conditions in the first place, followed by mineral N-fertilization and organic fertilization respectively. This result was due to soil conditions at the experimental site. Dry periods during the stages of spikelet formation and flowering formation, which were caused by water deficiency, reduced the yield components strongly. The yield optimum was reached at the level of 110 and 160 kg ha−1 mineral N on the sandy soil at the location of Berlin-Dahlem. The highest nitrogen level caused non effective or slight yield depressions, especially in the “green, straw and sugar beet leaf manure” fertilization system. Organic N-fertilization (farm yard manure, straw, green manure and beet leaf fertilization) led to significant increases of winter wheat yield in the course of which biggest differences were observed when combined mineral N-fertilization was missing. The bread-making quality of B-wheat variety Flair was primarily dependent on mineral N-fertilization. Necessary values for bread wheat were predominantly obtained only, when mineral N-fertilization rates of 110 – 160 kg ha−1 were applied. Organic N-fertilization – especially farmyard manure – improved the bread-making quality of wheat as well in treatments without mineral-N as in combination with mineral-N-fertilization.

15N allocation into wheat grains (Triticum aestivum L.) influenced by sowing rate and water supply at flowering under a Mediterranean climate

ABSTRACT This study examined the effects of a reduced wheat sowing rate (250 vs. 500 grains m–2) on grain yield, uptake of 15N into grains, and the incorporation into gluten and non-gluten proteins of wheat under field conditions in the Aegean region. A single 15N application was applied at stem elongation, at flowering, or at both developmental stages. Each 15N treatment included either additional water supply, or no additional water supply at flowering. Sowing rate (either 250 or 500 grains m–2) had no impact on grain yield. Grain yield increased with additional water supply, but at the expense of protein quality, because of a decrease in the protein content of gluten. The 15N content of the gluten and non-gluten proteins at grain maturity was not different among cultivars. 15N applied at both stem elongation and flowering was found in comparable amounts in grains and protein fractions, irrespective of sowing rate.