Osman İsmail

Polymer-modified bitumen using ethylene terpolymers

Abstract Polymer modified bitumen (PMB) is used in various construction applications, especially in motorways. The aim of this study is to improve features of 60/70 penetration grade, modified bitumen used on highways. Increasing the sensitivity to temperature and oxidation resistance are very important points for the modified bitumen. This condition was provided by reacting the carboxylic acid groups in asphaltene with the reactive ethylene terpolymer to form ester. Reactive ethylene terpolymer (RETP) and ethylene terpolymer (ETP) manufactured by DuPont USA were used as additives in this study. Infrared Spectrophotometer (IR) graphics and optical pictures of the modified bitumen have been examined. It has been observed that the softening point has increased on the other hand, the penetration and ductility values have decreased according to the test results.

Conducting Polymer Composites of Polythiophene and Polyacrylamide

ABSTRACT A conducting composite of polythiophene (PTh) with polyacrylamide (PAA) as the insulating matrix was prepared via electrochemical methods. The change in the conductivity of composites was analyzed as a function of the percent composition of the insulating component. The characterization of the composite was done by FTIR, SEM, and TGA studies. Conductivity and solubility studies together with spectroscopic methods reveal that a chemical interaction between the polymers exists.

Modeling and Investigation of the Swelling Kinetics of Acrylamide-Sodium Acrylate Hydrogel

The acrylamide-sodium acrylate hydrogel was synthesized by free radical polymerization of the method of solution polymerization. Dynamic swelling tests were conducted at 25, 40, and 60°C temperatures, in order to investigate the swelling properties of the synthesized hydrogel. The results have shown that swelling content and swelling rate of the hydrogel increase with increasing the swelling water temperature. The diffusivity values changed from to m2 s−1 over the temperature range. The activation energies were found as 3.56, 3.71, and 3.86 kJ mol−1 at 25, 40, and 60°C, respectively. The experimental drying curves obtained were fitted to a three different models, namely, Peleg’s, first-order absorption kinetic, and exponential association equation models. All the models applied provided a good agreement with the experimental data with high values of the coefficient of determination (), the least values of the reduced chi-square (), and root mean square error (RMSE). Comparing the determination of coefficient, reduced chi-square, and root mean square error values of three models, it was concluded that the exponential association equation model represents swelling characteristics better than the others.

The Modification of Bitumen with Synthetic Reactive Ethylene Terpolymer and Ethylene Terpolymer

Abstract The aim of this study is to improve features of 60/70 penetration grade modified bitumen used on highways. A new asphalt compound has been formed by an additive to decrease sensitivity to temperature and to increase resistance of bitumen. As additives, synthetic reactive ethylene terpolymer (SRETP) and ethylene terpolymer (ETP), which were recommended by DuPont, have been added in bitumen and made some trials. Infrared (IR) graphics and optical pictures of the modified bitumen have been examined and after analysis of the tests, a clear increasing at softening point but decreasing in penetration and ductility values have been observed as a result.

Experimental characterization and modelling of drying of pear slices

The effect of temperature on the drying kinetics of pear slices was investigated. The drying process was carried out at temperatures of 55, 65, and 75°C. Drying time decreased considerably with increased air temperature. Seven mathematical models available in the literature were tested with the drying patterns. The Wang and Singh, and Midilli et al. models were given the best results in describing drying of pear slices. Effective moisture diffusivity increased with increasing air temperature, and varied from 0.85 to 2.18×10−10 m2/s over the temperature range investigated, with activation energy equal to 44.78 kJ/mol.

Swelling Characterization of the Superabsorbent Copolymer in the Petroleum-Based Solvent-Water Mixtures

The crosslinked and porous copolymer grains were synthesized by inverse suspension polymerization of acrylamide. The synthesized copolymer was characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). It was achieved to absorbed 418 g water by 1 g copolymer after 5 min waiting time. Moreover, it was seen that about 99% of water was absorbed by 1 g copolymer in the solvent water mixtures (300 mL solvent–200 mL distilled water) after 2.5 min waiting time. The diffusion coefficients of the copolymer in the solvent-water mixtures were found between 8.87 · 104 and 10.64 · 104 cm2s−1. Furthermore, the copolymer in distilled water achieved to reach a high value of the diffusion coefficient (13.2 · 104 cm2s−1).

Removal of Water in Liquid Fuel with a Super Absorbent Copolymer

Abstract In this study, acrylic acid-based super absorbent copolymer was synthesized to remove existent water in liquid fuel by an inverse suspension polymerization technique. The inverse suspension polymerization was accomplished with the use of aqueous solutions of partly neutralized acrylic acid with a predetermined cross linker agent/monomer ratio in cyclohexan. Sorbitan monostearate was use to obtain the suspension. NaOH is used for neutralization of the acrylic acid. Ethylene glycol dimethacrylate and potassium persulfate are also used respectively as a crosslinker agent and an initiator. The copolymer was characterized by IR spectroscopy and SEM micrographs. The water absorption capacities and rates of the copolymer in tap water and the mixture of water-liquid fuel were determined. The water absorption capacity of 1 g of copolymer in tap water and in the mixture of water-liquid fuel was respectively obtained as 208 ± 0.22 and 207.5 ± 0.06 g of water. The Karl Fisher method was used for determination of residual water in liquid fuel, and 420 ppm (desired amount) of residual water in liquid fuel was calculated.