Osvaldo Costa Moreira

Associação entre risco cardiovascular e hipertensão arterial em professores universitários

A hipertensao arterial e uma das mais importantes causas modificaveis de morbi-mortalidade cardiovascular precoce na populacao adulta mundial, alem de ser fator de risco independente para doencas cardiovasculares. Assim objetivou-se verificar a associacao entre indicadores de risco cardiovascular e hipertensao arterial em professores universitarios. Foram avaliados 145 professores da Universidade Federal de Vicosa (UFV), no ano de 2009, analisando-se as variaveis: sexo, idade, indice de massa corporal (IMC), relacao cintura/quadril (RCQ), circunferencia abdominal (CA), percentual de gordura (%G), colesterol total (CT), triacilglicerol (TG), glicose, pressao arterial sistolica (PAS) e diastolica (PAD) de repouso e consumo maximo de oxigenio (VO2max). Utilizou-se o teste ANOVA one way para comparacao entre individuos normotensos e pre-hipertensos e hipertensos. Calculou-se a razao de chances de desenvolvimento de quadros de PA elevada entre os individuos que apresentavam niveis indicativos de risco cardiovascular. Todos os tratamentos possuiram nivel de significância de p < 0,05. Os homens apresentaram valores significativamente maiores para idade, peso, estatura, IMC, RCQ, CA, PAS e PAD. Ja as mulheres possuiam um %G significativamente elevado. Os individuos com niveis pressoricos elevados apresentaram valores maiores para todas as variaveis, a excecao do VO2max. Observou-se associacao os fatores de risco e elevacao da PA somente para as variaveis: sexo, idade, IMC, CA, %G e TG. Conclui-se que o genero, a idade, o IMC, a circunferencia abdominal, o percentual de gordura corporal e os triacilglicerois foram considerados indicadores de risco cardiovascular por apresentarem associacao com a hipertensao arterial na amostra de professores avaliados.

Skeletal muscle functional and structural adaptations after eccentric overload flywheel resistance training: a systematic review and meta-analysis

OBJECTIVES The purpose of this meta-analysis was to examine the effect of flywheel (FW) resistance training with Eccentric Overload (FW-EOT) on muscle size and functional capacities (i.e. strength and power) in athletes and healthy subjects, and to compare FW-induced adaptations with those triggered by traditional resistance exercise interventions. DESIGN A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. METHODS A search of electronic databases [PubMed, MEDLINE (SportDiscus), Web of Science, Scopus and PEDro] was conducted to identify all publications employing FW-EOT up to April 30, 2016. Outcomes were analyzed as continuous outcomes using a random effects model to calculate a standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% CI. A total of 9 studies with 276 subjects and 92 effect sizes met the inclusion criteria and were included in the statistical analyses. RESULTS The overall pooled estimate from the main effects analysis was 0.63 (95% CI 0.49-0.76) with a significant (p<0.001) Z overall effect of 9.17. No significant heterogeneity (p value=0.78) was found. The meta-analysis showed significant differences between FW-EOT vs. conventional resistance training in concentric and eccentric strength, muscle power, muscle hypertrophy, vertical jump height and running speed, favoring FW-EOT. CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis provides evidence supporting the superiority of FW-EOT, compared with traditional weight-stack exercise, to promote skeletal muscle adaptations in terms of strength, power and size in healthy subjects and athletes.

A Randomized Trial Investigating the Influence of Strength Training on Quality of Life in Ischemic Stroke

Abstract Background: Strength training post stroke is widely acknowledged as an important part of a rehabilitation program. Muscle strength has been shown to be a significant contributor to physical disability after stroke, which in turn has an immense impact on the reintegration of patients into society, affecting their quality of life. Objective: This was a randomized intervention trial to determine the effect of a resistance training program on the quality of life in patients with stroke. Methods: An experimental group (EG), consisting of 11 subjects aged 51.7 ± 8.0 years, and a control group (CG), consisting of 13 subjects aged 52.5 ± 7.7 years, were studied before and after 12 weeks. EG underwent 12 weeks of strength training three times a week. The CG did not undergo strength training during the 12-week study period. Results: There was a significant increase in quality of life from pre-test to post-test (Δ% = 21.47%; p = 0.021) in EG. There were significant differences in all indicators of quality of life between groups at 12 weeks. There were greater gains in strength in EG than in CG (p ≤ 0.05). There was a negative correlation between the strength gains as determined with the 1RM test and the quality of life, especially in lower limb exercises. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that there was an improvement in the measures of strength in EG, and that there was a correlation between improvements in strength and quality of life in these patients who had previously suffered a stroke at least one year prior to study.

Mitochondrial Function and Mitophagy in the Elderly: Effects of Exercise

Aging is a natural, multifactorial and multiorganic phenomenon wherein there are gradual physiological and pathological changes over time. Aging has been associated with a decrease of autophagy capacity and mitochondrial functions, such as biogenesis, dynamics, and mitophagy. These processes are essential for the maintenance of mitochondrial structural integrity and, therefore, for cell life, since mitochondrial dysfunction leads to an impairment of energy metabolism and increased production of reactive oxygen species, which consequently trigger mechanisms of cellular senescence and apoptotic cell death. Moreover, reduced mitochondrial function can contribute to age-associated disease phenotypes in model organisms and humans. Literature data show beneficial effects of exercise on the impairment of mitochondrial biogenesis and dynamics and on the decrease in the mitophagic capacity associated to aging. Thus, exercise could have effects on the major cell signaling pathways that are involved in the mitochondria quality and quantity control in the elderly. Although it is known that several exercise protocols are able to modify the activity and turnover of mitochondria, further studies are necessary in order to better identify the mechanisms of interaction between mitochondrial functions, aging, and physical activity, as well as to analyze possible factors influencing these processes.

Variáveis bioquímicas, antropométricas e pressóricas como indicadores de risco cardiovascular em servidores públicos

INTRODUCTION: Cardiovascular diseases have been identified as the main cause of morbidity and mortality in Brazil and in the world. OBJECTIVE: To verify the prevalence of cardiovascular factors risk (CFR) over university employees, through the use of biochemical, anthropometric and blood pressure variables. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Participated of the study 107 technical-administrative employees of Universidade Federal de Vicosa, in 2010, with the average age of 46,1 ± 10,4 years old. The analyzed parameters ware: level of body mass (BLM), waist-hip ratio (WHR), systolic arterial pressure (SAP), diastolic arterial pressure (DAP), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL- C) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C). The data analysis was to calculate the prevalence of the variables studied. For all statistical treatments was adopted p 199 mg/dL), triglycerides showed 23% of changed values (> 149 mg/dL), although the LDL-C were found 31% of values over 129 mg/dL, and 30% of evaluated showed low values of HDL-C (< 40 mg/dL). It was possible to observe that just 18.6% evaluated did not show any CFR analyzed, taking in consideration that almost half of employees are in the level of 2 to 4 CFR. CONCLUSION: It was verified an increased percentage of CFR over the university employees. Among the analyzed variables it is possible to verify that the over-weight, TC, low levels of HDL-C and high of LDL-C were the most prevalent CFR.

Cardiovascular Responses to Unilateral, Bilateral, and Alternating Limb Resistance Exercise Performed Using Different Body Segments

Abstract Moreira, OC, Faraci, LL, de Matos, DG, Mazini Filho, ML, da Silva, SF, Aidar, FJ, Hickner, RC, and de Oliveira, CEP. Cardiovascular responses to unilateral, bilateral and alternating limb resistance exercise performed using different body segments. J Strength Cond Res 31(3): 644–652, 2017—The aim of this study was to verify and compare the cardiovascular responses to unilateral, bilateral, and alternating limb resistance exercise (RE) performed using different body segments. Fifteen men experienced in RE were studied during biceps curls, barbell rows, and knee extension exercises when performed bilaterally, unilaterally, and using alternating limbs. The protocol consisted of 3 sets of 10 repetitions at 80% of 10 repetition maximum with 2-minute rest between sets. Heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) were measured after the last repetition. There was a statistically significant increase in HR, systolic blood pressure (SBP), and rate pressure product (RPP), from rest to postexercise. The RPP was higher in the third set of all exercises and in all 3 forms of execution, when compared with the first set. Bilateral biceps curls caused a greater increase in RPP (first and second sets) and HR, compared with the same exercise performed unilaterally. Furthermore, the performance of bilateral biceps curls induced greater HR and RPP, in all sets, compared with bilateral knee extension and barbell rows. There was also a significantly higher SBP for the alternating second and third sets and also for the bilateral third set of the knee extensions as compared with the barbell rows. It was concluded from the data of this study that the cardiovascular response was increased from rest to postexercise in all forms of exercise, especially immediately after the third set of RE. For exercises performed bilaterally with the upper body (biceps curls), there was a greater cardiovascular response when compared with the same exercise performed unilaterally or with lower-body exercise performed bilaterally.

¿Son efectivos los suplementos antioxidantes en la disminución del dolor muscular tardío?: Una revisión sistemática

INTRODUCTION In recent years, antioxidant supplements have become popular to counter the effects of free radicals and muscle damage symptoms, including delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS). AIM To conduct a systematic review in different databases to determine the effects of antioxidant supplements on DOMS. METHODS We conducted a search in databases; Cochrane, Pubmed, Scopus and SportDiscus and Web of Science (WOS). The words and acronyms used were; Delayed onset muscle soreness, exercise induced muscle damage, DOMS, EIMD, antioxidant and oxidative stress. RESULTS 54 articles were identified of which 48 were retreived, all in English, 17 related to vitamin C and E, supplements polyphenolic correspond to fourteen, eleven other antioxidant supplements and six to commercial supplements, all of them used to diminish the DOMS and other variables. CONCLUSIONS Both vitamins and commercial supplements have low effectiveness in reducing DOMS, while polyphenols and other antioxidant supplements show moderate to good effectiveness in combating DOMS. However, most of the studies have effectiveness in reducing other symptoms of muscle damage besides helping in the post-exercise recovery.

Effects of Classic Progressive Resistance Training Versus Eccentric-Enhanced Resistance Training in People With Multiple Sclerosis

OBJECTIVE To compare the effects of classic progressive resistance training (PRT) versus eccentric strength-enhanced training (EST) on the performance of functional tests and different strength manifestations in the lower limb of people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS). DESIGN Experimental trial. SETTING Strength training program. PARTICIPANTS PwMS (N=52; 19 men, 33 women) belonging to MS associations from the Castilla y León, Spain. INTERVENTIONS Participants were assigned to 1 of 2 groups: a control group that performed PRT or an experimental group that performed EST. In both groups, the knee extensor muscles were trained for 12 weeks. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Before and after 12 weeks of training, maximal voluntary isometric contraction and 1 repetition maximum (1RM) of the knee extensors were evaluated, as were the Chair Stand Test (CST) and Timed 8-Foot Up and Go (TUG) functional tests. RESULTS No differences were found between the groups in the initial values for different tests. Intragroup comparisons found significant differences in CST (F=69.4; P<.001), TUG (F=40.0; P<.001), and 1RM (F=57.8; P<.001). For intergroup comparisons, EST presented better results than PRT in the CST (EST, 4.7%±2.8%; PRT, 1.9%±2.8%; F=13.1; P=.001) and TUG (EST, -2.9±4.7; PRT, -.41±5.6; F=5.6; P=.022). CONCLUSIONS In PwMS, EST leads to improvements in 1RM, TUG, and CST that are similar to those of PRT. However, for patients who participated in this study, the EST seems to promote a better transfer of strength adaptations to the functional tests, which are closer to daily-living activities.

Anthropometric, cardiovascular and functional variables as indicators of health related physical fitness in university professors

Objective To verify the behavior of anthropometric, cardiovascular and functional variables as indicators of health-related physical fitness in university professors and perform a comparison of these variables between sexes.Materials and methods We conducted an observational epidemiological cross-sectional study in 145 professors (45.86 ± 9.7 years), 103 men (71.03%), which were evaluated by measuring heart rate (HR) and systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) pressure at rest, body weight, height, body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage (BF%), handgrip strength (HGS), flexibility and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). We proceeded to the descriptive analysis, Student t-test for comparison between sexes and multiple regression analysis to verify the association between the variables analyzed. It was adopted a significance level of p < 0.05.Results The sex affected all variables. Women had better levels of BMI, flexibility, SBP and DBP. The BF% and CRF were associated with SBP and BMI in both sexes.Conclusion The behavior of anthropometric, cardiovascular and functional variables indicated unsatisfactory values for flexibility, HGS and BMI, with the worst levels among men. Furthermore, the variables that showed better association with HRPF were BF% and CRF.