Osvaldo Genovese

Hemicorea asociada a toxoplasmosis cerebral y SIDA

Only 12 AIDS cases with hemichorea were reported in the literature. We report the first case of hemichorea associated with AIDS and cerebral toxoplasmosis in our country. A 26-year-old man had 3 episodes of focal seizures on the left side with subsequent loss of consciousness. A few weeks later, he noticed progressive left-sided weakness. Examination revealed a left hemiparesis. MRI of the head showed a round mass in the right frontal lobe and a smaller lesion in the left temporo-occipital area. Laboratory showed positive serum ELISA and Western Blot analysis for HIV antibodies. Serum tests for Toxoplasma showed elevated titers. He was treated with pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine. His weakness improved and he had no further seizures. Two weeks later, choreic movements appeared in the left foot, finally involving the entire left hemibody. A second MRI showed a new small lesion in the right cerebral peduncle. The patient completed 6 weeks of treatment, with further reduction in the size of the lesions. Nevertheless, the left hemichorea persisted. We believe that the hemichorea our patient had was caused by the contralateral peduncular lesion. Lesions involving the subthalamic nucleus or its connections may cause contralateral hemiballismus or hemichorea. In spite of the favorable response to antitoxoplasmic therapy, the hemichorea persisted. The present report illustrates an uncommon neurological complication in AIDS. We believe that a combination of a focal cerebral lesion and the HIV infection caused the movement disorder presented by the patient.

Peripheral motor nerve conduction studies in patients with chronic Chagas' disease.

A comprehensive investigation of nerve motor conduction velocity was carried out in the ulnar nerve of 70 patients in the chronic stage of Chagas disease. It was found that 2.6% of them, had slowness of the large motor axons at distal segments and 14% at proximal segments. Twenty seven percent of them had also slowness of conduction at the smallest motor fibers. These observations signal that some patients in the chronic stage of the infection may develop a motor neuropathy.

Estudio comparativo de las funciones ejecutivas entre pacientes con enfermedad de Parkinson y pacientes con enfermedad degenerativa cerebelosa

OBJECTIVE To compare executive functions (EF) in non-demented mild to moderate Parkinsons disease (PD) (Hoehn and Yahr < or =3) and pure degenerative cerebellar disease (CD) in order to evaluate the relative contribution and differential role of basal ganglia and cerebellum in those functions. METHOD 14 patients with PD and 14 patients with CD matched by sex, education, diseases duration and MMSE were selected. A standardized neuropsychological battery and the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) were administered. Z scores were compared for both groups through t-test for independent samples were used. RESULTS The cerebellar group showed significant lower performance in measures of attention and EF, with a significant increase in both perseverative and non perseverative errors during the WCST. On the other hand the PD group showed a selective increase of non perseverative errors, without reaching significant between group difference. CONCLUSION The CD group appears to have greater deficits in EF with a pattern of prefrontal dysfunction.

Potenciales evocados somatosensitivos en una poblacion cronicamente intoxicada con plomo

Eleven patients with chronic lead intoxication were submitted to somatosensory evoked potential (SEP) studies. All patients demonstrated increased lead blood levels and reduced ALA D activity in red blood cells. Three patients showed delayed spinal arrival (N13 wave), four delayed cortical arrival (N20 wave), and three prolonged central conduction time (time elapsing between N13 and N20 waves) (see table 1). No relationship was found between the abnormal findings and the levels of lead or ALA D. Time of intoxication was not related to the altered electrophysiological features either. The findings reported suggest that, beside the well known peripheral involvement in chronic lead intoxication, some patients may develop central nervous system impairment perhaps related to myelin involvement as suggested by the prolonged SEP central conduction time.Eleven patients with chronic lead intoxication were submitted to somatosensory evoked potential (SEP) studies. All patients demonstrated increased lead blood levels and reduced ALA D activity in red blood cells. Three patients showed delayed spinal arrival (N13 wave), four delayed cortical arrival (N20 wave), and three prolonged central conduction time (time elapsing between N13 and N20 waves) (see table 1). No relationship was found between the abnormal findings and the levels of lead or ALA D. Time of intoxication was not related to the altered electrophysiological features either. The findings reported suggest that, beside the well known peripheral involvement in chronic lead intoxication, some patients may develop central nervous system impairment perhaps related to myelin involvement as suggested by the prolonged SEP central conduction time.