Oswaldo Guerra

Redes de aprendizado em sistemas complexos de produção

This paper is an attempt to demonstrate that firm networks is the typical institutional arrangement of Complex Production Systems, marked by a strong specialization of participating agents and an intense complementarity among them. In this type of arrangement, the firm in charge of network governance needs to stimulate the search for collective efficiency. This search, in turn, given the frequent heterogeneity among agents, ends up inducing the formation of a learning network. In spite of the fact that the accumulated knowledge on learning networks is precarious, it is possible to recommend, based on a literature review and the example of a learning network being implemented in Brazil, the following points: the network needs a clear purpose translatable in a target to be met by a learning process; it is necessary to create a structure, which can be virtual, and define resources and mechanisms to be used in the implementation and support of the network; it should be tried to forecast, departing from other experiences, the inevitable difficulties that would come up in the design and implementation of such networks.

A sobrevivência das pequenas empresas no desenvolvimento capitalista

The survival of small companies in the capitalist development. The role of small companies in capitalist development has raised, throughout the years, the analytical curiosity of economists and other social scientists. In spite of the enormous disadvantages that they possess in competing with big capital, there are innumerable reasons for their survival. The empirical evidence is clear in attesting the importance of small companies in terms of GDP share and job creation and, at the same time, their difficulties for surviving. This paper presents a theoretical revision, departing from Marx, Marshall, Steindl and Schumpeter up to some contemporary authors, concerning the role of the small companies in capitalist development, emphasizing the reasons and the difficulties for its survival.

Decisões de investimento e movimentos de reestruturação: um modelo de análise da indústria petroquímica

The aim of this paper is to propose a model of analysis of the investment decisions in the petrochemical industry highlighting the main variables which have bringing them about and causing the restructuring movements in the sector. The structure/conduct/ performance (SCP) model (widely used in the industrial economics literature) as well as the structural characteristics of the petrochemical industry support the analytical model proposed in this work. The application of the model to the period from 2000 onwards showed that, among the proposed variables, the access to raw material and to the most dynamic markets came out to be the most important ones to launch restructuring movements in the petrochemical industry.

Barriers to the Implementation of Learning Networks in Complex Production Systems: A Case Study on Offshore Oil Rigs

ABSTRACT This paper addresses the occurrence of barriers to the implementation of learning networks in complex production systems (CoPS). It contains three sections besides the introduction. The first presents a review of theoretical contributions that help in the understanding of the nature of networks, learning processes, and learning networks. The second describes the attempt to implement a learning network in CoPS in Brazil, emphasizing the main barriers encountered. Finally, an experience in the Brazilian oil industry is analyzed in light of the literature review, and a prospective look at cops in the context of the present day dynamics of this sector is presented. RESUMEN. Este artículo trata sobre las barreras que surgen contra la implementación de redes de enseñanza en Sistemas de Producción Complejos (CoPS). Además de la introducción, tiene otras tres sec ciones. La primera presenta una revisión de la contribución teórica, que nos ayuda a comprender la naturaleza de las redes y los procesos y redes de enseñanza. La segunda, describe las tentativas realizadas para imple-mentar las redes de enseñanza en los Sistemas de Producción Complejos (CoPS) en Brasil, haciendo hincapié en las principales barreras encontradas. por ultimo, se analiza una experiencia en la industria brasileña de petróleo, a la luz de la revisión de la literatura existente, y una visión prospectiva de los sistemas de producción complejos (cops) en el contexto de la dinámica actual de este sector. RESUMO. Este artigo aborda a ocorrência de barreiras à implement-açÃo de redes de aprendizado em Sistemas de ProduçÃo Complexos (SPCs). Contém três seções, além da IntroduçÃo. A primeira apresenta um exame de contribuições teóricas que ajudam na compreensÃo da natureza das redes, processos de aprendizado e redes de aprendizado. A segunda descreve a tentativa de implementar uma rede de aprendizado em SPCs no Brasil, enfatizando as principais barreiras encontradas. Finalmente, uma experiência no setor petrolífero brasileiro é analisada à luz do exame da literatura, e um olhar prospectivo nos SPCs no contexto da dinámica atual desse setor é apresentado.

Política industrial e competitividade: de Collor a FHC

Resumo o principal objetivo deste artigo e o de reconstituir a ruptura na pratica da politica industrial brasileira, iniciada em 1990, e seus desdobramento ate o primeiro semestre de 1997 . Tais desdobramentos, neste periodo de sete anos, envolvem desde momentos de total rejeicao a politica industrial, ate o renovado interesse recente pela mesma, motivado pela explicitacao do trade-off deficit corrente x crescimento economico, trazido a cena pela maneira como tem sido conduzido o Plano Real. O presente artigo compreende, alem das habituais introducao e conclusao, tres partes. Na primeira, busca-se precisar os termos politica industrial e competitividade. A seguir, avalia-se a politica industrial e de comercio exterior introduzida pelo Governo Collor e que permanece, praticamente sem alteracao, no periodo Itamar Franco. Por fim, examina-se o processo de profundas transformacoes que vem sofrendo a industria brasileira, intensificado a partir de 1995, e as tentativas recentes de se adotar novas diretrizes de politica indus¬trial, adaptadas ao atual cenario nacional e internacional.