Ouyang Hua-Fu

Introduction to the overall physics design of CSNS accelerators

The China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS) is an accelerator-based facility. The accelerator of CSNS consists of a low energy linac, a Rapid Cycling Synchrotron (RCS) and two beam transport lines. The overall physics design of CSNS accelerator is described, including the design principle, the choice of the main parameters and design of each part of accelerators. The key problems of the physics design, such as beam loss and control, are also discussed. The interface between the different parts of accelerator, as well as between accelerator and target, are introduced.

Study on the pre-chopper in CSNS LEBT

Physical designing of the pre-chopper in CSNS LEBT is carried out, which includes the deflecting voltage, the length and the width of the deflecting plates, and the gap between the deflecting plates. The most outstanding feature of the design is that both the gap and the width vary with the beam envelope size. So both the requried deflecting voltage and the loaded capacitance are lowered. In order to avoid destruction of the space charge neutralization by the pre-chopper in the whole LEBT, an electron-trapping electrode is arranged to confine the electrostatic field of the pre-chopper to the local area. To examine the reliability of the pre-chopping design in CSNS LEBT, a similar pre-chopping design in ADS RFQ LEBT is set up and an experiment on the pre-chopper is prepared. 3-dimensional simulations are carried out to determine the loaded capacitance and the applied voltage of the electron-trapping electrode.

Beam halo experiment at IHEP

Space-charge forces acting in mismatched beams have been identified as a major cause of beam halo. In this paper,we describe the beam halo experimental results in a FODO beam line at IHEP. With this beam transport line, experiments are carried out to compare the measured data with the multi-particle...

ATPF - a dedicated proton therapy facility

A proton therapy facility based on a linac injector and a slow-cycling synchrotron is proposed. To obtain good treatments for different cancer types, both the spot scanning method and the double-scattering method are adopted in the facility, whereas the nozzles include both gantry and fixed beam types. The proton accelerator chain includes a synchrotron of 250 MeV in maximum energy, an injector of 7 MeV consisting of an RFQ and a DTL linac, with a repetition rate of 0.5 Hz. The slow extraction using the third-order resonance and together with the RFKO method is considered to be a good method to obtain a stable and more-or-less homogenous beam spill. To benefit the spot scanning method, the extraction energy can be as many as about 200 between 60 MeV and 230 MeV. A new method - the emittance balancing technique of using a solenoid or a quadrupole rotator is proposed to solve the problem of unequal emittance in the two transverse planes with a beam slowly extracted from a synchrotron. The facility has been designed to keep the potential to be upgraded to include the carbon therapy in the future.

Matching by solenoids in space charge dominated LEBTs

The betatron matching of a rotationally asymmetric beam in space charge dominated low-energy beam transports (LEBTs) where solenoids are used for the transverse matching has been studied. For better understanding, the coupling elements of a beam matrix are interpreted in special forms that are products of a term defined by the Larmor rotation angle and another by the difference between the beam matrix elements in the two transverse planes. The coupling form originally derived from the rotationally symmetric field in solenoids still holds when taking into account the rotationally asymmetric space charge forces that are due to the unequal emittance in the two transverse planes. It is shown in this paper that when an LEBT mainly comprising solenoids transports a beam having unequal emittance in the two transverse planes and the linear space charge force is taken into account, the initial Twiss parameters can be modified to obtain the minimum and equal emittance at the LEBT exit. The TRACE3D calculations also prove the principle. However, when quadrupoles that are also rotationally asymmetric are involved in between solenoids, the coupling between the two transverse planes becomes more complicated and the emittance increase is usually unavoidable. A matching example using the CSNS (China Spallation Neutron Source) LEBT conditions is also presented.

Thermal analysis and water-cooling design of the CSNS MEBT 324 MHz buncher cavity

At least two bunchers are needed in the 3 MeV H- Medium Energy Beam Transport (MEBT) line located between RFQ and DTL for the CSNS (China Spallation Neutron Source). A nose-cone geometry has been adopted as the type of buncher cavity for its simplicity, higher impedance and lower risk of multipacting. By making use of the results got from the simulations on the buncher with two-dimension code SUPERFISH, the thermal and structural analyses have been carried out, the process and results to determine the resulting frequency shift due to thermal and structural distortion of the cavity are presented, the water-cooling channel position and the optimum cooling water temperature as well as the tuning method by adjusting the cooling water temperature when the cavity is out of resonance are also determined through the analyses.

Design and development of the CSNS ion source control system

After the CSNS ion source test stand has been stably working for years, an online control system for CSNS ion source aiming to be more stable and reliable is now under development. F3RP61-2L, a new PLC CPU module under Linux system, is introduced to the system as an IOC, to function together with the I/O modules of FA-M3 PLC on the PLC-bus. The adoption of the new IOC not only simplifies the architecture of the control system, but also improves the data transmission speed. In this paper, the design and development of the supervisory and control system for CSNS ion source are described.

Thermal analysis of the CSNS H^- ion source

There are two cooling systems to maintain the thermal stability of the CSNS H− ion source during its operation: Air-cooling in the source body of the discharging chamber and water-cooling in the flange on which the discharging chamber is installed. The optimal cooling parameters to ensure the operation of the H− ion source are determined through a thermal analysis. In addition, a transient analysis is also performed to know exactly the transient temperature variation during the whole 40 ms period of the pulsed mode operation of the ion source.

Design of a multi-cusp ion source for proton therapy

The permanent magnets of the discharge chamber in a multi-cusp proton source are studied and designed. The three electrode extraction system is adopted and simulated. A method to extract different amounts of current while keeping the beam emittance unchanged is proposed.

Control system for the CSNS ion source test stand

A penning plasma surface H− ion source test stand for the CSNS has just been constructed at the IHEP. In order to achieve a safe and reliable system, nearly all devices of the ion source are designed to have the capability of both local and remote operation function. The control system consists of PLCs and EPICS real-time software tools separately serving device control and monitoring, PLC integration and OPI support. This paper summarizes the hardware and software implementation satisfying the requirements of the ion source control system.