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Gingival thicknesses of maxillary and mandibular anterior regions in subjects with different craniofacial morphologies

Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate the mean gingival thicknesses of the maxillary and mandibular anterior regions in subjects with different craniofacial morphologies. Methods: For each dental arch, 128 periodontally healthy orthodontic patients with normal values of maxillary incisor position (1/NA, angle and distance; and 1/SN, angle) and mandibular incisor position (1/NB, angle and distance; and IMPA) were enrolled in the study. Craniofacial morphology of the participants was evaluated in the sagittal (ANB angle) and vertical directions (SN/GoGn angle) on lateral cephalograms. In the sagittal direction, the subjects were divided into 3 groups as Class I, Class II, and Class III. Each group was classified as low angle, normal, or high angle in the vertical direction. Mean gingival thicknesses of the maxillary and mandibular anterior regions were determined by the ratio of the sum of gingival thickness of the relevant teeth, measured by the transgingival probing technique, to the number of teeth. Results: Mean gingival thicknesses of the maxillary anterior region were 1.173 ± 0.61, 1.103 ± 0.207, and 1.130 ± 0.244 mm in the Class I, Class II, and Class III groups and 1.084 ± 0.150, 1.136 ± 0.247, and 1.159 ± 0.249 mm in the low angle, normal, and high angle groups, respectively. Mean gingival thicknesses of the mandibular anterior region were 0.710 ± 0.156, 0.741 ± 0.176, and 0.691 ± 0.157 mm in the Class I, Class II, and Class III groups and 0.705 ± 0.184, 0.701 ± 0.132, and 0.735 ± 0.174 mm in the low angle, normal, and high angle groups, respectively. No significant difference was found between the groups in terms of the mean gingival thicknesses of the maxillary and mandibular anterior regions. Conclusions: There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of the mean gingival thicknesses of the maxillary and mandibular anterior regions. HighlightsMaxillary anterior regions have thick gingival biotype.Mean gingival thickness is less in mandibular anterior region than in the maxillary region.Mandibular anterior region has thin gingival biotype.There is no association between gingival thicknesses of anterior regions and craniofacial morphology.

Effects of Ozone and Prophylactic Antimicrobial Applications on Shear Bond Strength of Orthodontic Brackets

Objective The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of ozone and prophylactic antimicrobial applications on the shear bond strengths and bond failure interfaces of orthodontic brackets. Methods Sixty human canine teeth were randomly divided into three groups (n=20), receiving the following treatments: Group I-pumice prophylaxis (Isler Dental, Ankara, Turkey)+37% orthophosphoric acid (Dentsply, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil)+Transbond XT primer and adhesive (3M Unitek, Monrovia, USA); Group II-prophylaxis paste (Topex, NJ, USA)+37% orthophosphoric acid (Dentsply, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil)+ Transbond XT primer and adhesive paste (3M Unitek, Monrovia, USA); and Group III-ozone application (Biozonix GmbH, Munich, Germany)+37% orthophosphoric acid (Dentsply, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil)+Transbond XT primer and adhesive (3M Unitek, Monrovia, USA). All specimens were stored at 37°C water for 24 h. Shear bond strength was assessed using a universal testing device (Autograph AGS-X; Shimadzu, Japan). Adhesive remnant index (ARI) scores were obtained through examination of teeth under stereomicroscope at 10× magnification after debonding. Results Shear bond strengths of orthodontic brackets were 16.10, 18.01, and 19.23 MPa for Groups I, II, and III, respectively. No statistically significant difference in shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets was found among the groups (p=0.273), based on Kruskal-Wallis analysis. Additionally, no significant difference was found in the ARI scores of each group using chi-square analysis (p=0.992). Conclusion Shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets and ARI scores was not found to be negatively impacted by ozone application.

An evaluation of the gingival biotype and the width of keratinized gingiva in the mandibular anterior region of individuals with different dental malocclusion groups and levels of crowding

Objective To evaluate the relationship of gingival thickness (GT) and the width of keratinized gingiva (WKG) with different malocclusion groups and the level of crowding. Methods A total of 187 periodontally healthy subjects (121 females and 66 males) who presented at the Faculty of Dentistry in Yüzüncü Yıl University for orthodontic treatment were enrolled in the study. The individuals involved in the study were divided into three groups; Angle Class I malocclusion, Angle Class II malocclusion, and Angle Class III malocclusion. Each group was classified as mild, moderate, or severe according to the level of crowding. WKG was determined as the distance between the mucogingival junction and the free gingival margin. GT was determined by the transgingival probing technique. Factorial variance analysis and the Duncan multiple comparison test were employed to identify the extent to which a difference was apparent between the groups according to these parameters. Results It was determined that teeth in the mandibular anterior region display the thin gingival biotype. WKG and GT were observed as being higher at the mandibular incisor teeth in the severe crowding group and at the mandibular canine teeth in the mild crowding group. The GT of the mandibular right central and lateral incisors was found to be thinner in the Angle Class III group. Conclusions Within the limits of this study, the results demonstrate that, there is no significant relationship of WKG and the mean GT in the mandibular anterior region according to the Angle classification.

Morphological comparison of cervical vertebrae in adult females with different sagittal craniofacial patterns: A cross-sectional study

Introduction: Cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) methods have gained popularity to assess growth and development status for orthodontic patients. Although craniofacial and craniocervical structures are known to be associated, there is no evidence in the literature if this relation might negatively affect the accuracy of CVM assessments. Therefore, this study aimed to comparatively investigate the sizes of the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th cervical vertebrae in adult females (radius union stage of skeletal maturity) who have different sagittal skeletal patterns. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted, and 151 lateral cephalometric radiographs of adult female patients were assessed in the study. Patients were assigned to three groups according to ANB angle. Parameters including concavity depth at the lower border of the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th cervical vertebrae and base length, upper border length, body length, posterior height, anterior height, and body height of the 3rd and 4th cervical vertebrae bodies were measured. One-way analysis of variance was used for between-group comparisons. Results: No statistically significant differences were found between groups in terms of concavity depth at the lower borders of the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th cervical vertebrae (P > 0.05). Base length, upper border length, body length, posterior height, anterior height, and body height of the 3rd and 4th cervical vertebrae were also similar between groups (P > 0.05). Conclusions: The results of this study supports that sagittal craniofacial pattern has no effect on the accuracy of using the methods assessing CVM and calculating cervical vertebral age.

Ozon uygulamasının devital ağartma yapılan dentinde rezin simanın shear bağlanma dayanımına etkisi

Amac: Ozon uygulanan ve uygulanmayan devital agartma yapilmis dentine iki rezin simanin baglanma dayaniminin incelenmesi Gerec ve Yontemler: : Seksen yeni cekilmis saglam insan maksiller kesici kuronlari sekiz gruba ayrildi (n=10): (G1, G2). Agartmayi takiben ozon uygulanmayan (10% carbamide peroxide, Opalescence Boost %38 Hydrogen peroxide) veya uygulanan gruplar (G3, G4) (40%, 50 second, CR probe, Biozonix; High-Frequency Ozone Generator, Germany), ozonun agartma yapilmadan uygulandigi gruplar (G5, G6) ve herhangi bir islem uygulanmayan kontrol gruplari (G7, G8). Kuronlar akrilik rezin icine dentin yuzeyleri acikta kalacak sekilde yerlestirildi. Orneklerde iki rezin simandan biri kullanildi: Secure Cement (Sun Medical) (G1, G3, G5, G7); Clearfil Esthetic Cement (Kuraray) (G2, G4, G6, G8). 3 x 3 boyutunda rezin siman oluturulan gruplar setlesme suresinden (37oC, 100% nemli, 24 saat) sonra shear baglanma dayanimi ile test edildi ( 0.5 mm/minute). Veriler MPa olarak hesaplandi ve Kruskal-Wallis testi ile analizler yapildi (P 0.05). Ozon uygulanan Secure siman ornekleri (G5), G1, G3, ve G7 gruplarindan anlamli derecede daha dusuk baglanma dayanimi gosterdi (P < 0.05). Clearfil Esthetic siman grubu (G4) kontrol grubundan (G8) anlamli derecede daha yuksek baglanma dayanimi gosterdi. Sonuc: Bonding islemleri oncesinde ozon uygulamasi agartma sonrasi geride kalan peroksitin etkisini azaltabilir. Devital agartma sonrasi ozon uygulamasi rezin simanin dentin yuzeyine baglantisini artirabilir.

Sigara ve periodontal hastalık ilişkisi

Smoking is recognized as the most important cause of preventable death and disease. Cigarette smoking is a strong risk factor for oral mucosal lesions and periodontal disease. An association between periodontal disease and smoking has been found in many studies. The negative influence of smoking on the response to non surgical and surgical periodontal therapy has also been indicated in the literature. The aim of this review is to update the general knowledge about the effects of smoking on periodontal disease process.