Özlem Güzel

Pathologic Alterations Detected in Acute Pancreatitis Induced by Sodium Taurocholate in Rats and Therapeutic Effects of Curcumin, Ciprofloxacin and Metronidazole Combination

Background and Aims: Secondary bacterial infections and free radical injury have been known to play an important role in the pathogenesis and clinical outcome of acute pancreatitis. Despite the therapy models developed in recent years, the mortality rate is still reported to be higher than expected. The objective of this study therefore was to investigate the effectiveness of ciprofloxacin and metronidazole combination and curcumin together in the treatment of acute pancreatitis. Methods: Acute pancreatitis was induced in rats by sodium taurocholate (n = 60). Starting 6 h after the induction of acute pancreatitis, groups I and II were injected 200 mg/kg ciprofloxacin and 500 mg/kg metronidazole intraperitoneally every 12 h for 6 days. Groups II and III received 100 mg/kg curcumin since day 20 prior to the initiation of acute pancreatitis. On day 6, animals of all groups were killed. Blood and tissue samples were taken for biochemical, pathologic and bacteriologic examination. Results: No statistical difference in the treatment groups versus the non-treatment group has been detected in the pancreatic tissue on the basis of histopathological scoring results. Prevalences of bacterial translocation were significantly lower in the treatment groups (groups I–III) than in the non-treatment group (group IV) (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p < 0.05, respectively). Serum amylase, lipase, malon dialdehyde and nitric oxide (except for nitric oxide level in group I), levels of groups I, II and III were significantly lower than those of group IV (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The administration of ciprofloxacin and metronidazole in combination and curcumin in acute pancreatitis failed to provide a preventive effect on the occurrence of tissue injury, whereas free radical injury and prevalence of bacterial translocation were reduced significantly.

Evaluation of soft tissue reactions to three nonabsorbable suture materials in a rabbit model

OBJECTIVES We evaluated the inflammatory reactions induced by three commonly used nonabsorbable suture materials in a rabbit model. METHODS Three suture materials were tested: braided polyester suture (Ethibond), braided blend of polyester and polyethylene suture (FiberWire), and monofilament polypropylene suture (Polypropylene). Thirty-six rabbits were randomly allocated to three suture groups, equal in number. Each suture type was placed bilaterally in the quadriceps muscle, patellar tendon, knee joint capsule, and Achilles tendon. Six animals in each group were sacrificed in the third and sixth weeks. The inflammation induced by each suture was assessed using light microscopy and the width of the inflammation zone (WIZ) was measured. RESULTS Ethibond was found to cause the most severe reaction in the muscle and tendon in the third week; in the sixth week, however, it showed the lowest inflammatory reaction in all tissue types. Reaction to Propylene was moderate in the third week, whereas it caused the largest WIZ in all tissue types in the sixth week, such that the eventual size of the WIZ induced by Propylene (6.6 + or - 2.1 mm) was significantly greater than that of Ethibond (1.6 + or - 0.9 mm) in muscle specimens (p<0.05). Except for the largest WIZ seen in joint capsule specimens in the third week, inflammatory reactions associated with FiberWire were low or moderate in all tissue specimens throughout the study. FiberWire was associated with some necrotic areas in two muscle and one tendon specimens. CONCLUSION The extent of inflammatory reaction to nonabsorbable suture materials depends on the type of suture material, tissue type, and the duration of postoperative time.

Effects of curcumin on proinflammatory cytokines and tissue injury in the early and late phases of experimental acute pancreatitis

BACKGROUND & AIMS Acute pancreatitis (AP) varies from mild to severe necrotizing changes with high mortality. The objective of the current study was to investigate the effects of curcumin on tissue injury and proinflammatory cytokines in the early and late phases of AP. METHODS AP was induced by sodium taurocholate in rats (n = 140). First group was left untreated. Group II received 100 mg/kg curcumin daily starting 20 days before AP induction. The rats were allocated into 7 sub-groups (n:5) and were sacrificed at 2, 6, 12, 24, 72, 144 and 288 h following the induction of AP. Blood and pancreatic tissue samples were collected for biochemical and histopathologic evaluations and the assessment of protein and mRNA levels, as well. RESULTS Curcumin decreased total histopathologic scores in comparison with those of the taurocholate group (P < 0.05). Curcumin increased Caspase-3 activity and decreased trypsin activity, while inhibited nuclear factor-κ (NF-κB) at all time points (P < 0.05) and moreover reduced activator protein-1 (AP-1). Curcumin decreased chemokine (except for 288 h), TNF-α (except for 2 and 24 h), IL-6 (except for 2, 6 and 288 h) and iNOS (except for 144 and 288 h) mRNA levels (P < 0.05). Curcumin serum nitric oxide (NO) (except for 144 and 288 h) levels were reduced, as well. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, curcumin reduced tissue injury, trypsin activation and inhibited NF-κB and AP-1. However TNF-α, IL-6 and iNOS and NO were not inhibited at all time points. Therefore no direct correlation was detected in the subgroups between tissue injury, proinflammatory cytokines and oxidative enzymes.

Use of intramedullary fully-threaded pins in the fixation of feline and canine humeral, femoral and tibial fractures

Intramedullary fully-threaded pins were manufactured from an alloy of titanium, aluminium and vanadium in a fully-threaded style. Pins were produced in various diameters, ranging from 4 mm to 11 mm. Pin lengths varied from 5 cm to 22 cm. The proximal end of the pins was designed to fit into a hexagonal screwdriver, while the distal end was slightly tapered to allow for ease of entry into cancellous bone. Treatment using the fully-threaded intra- medullary pin was carried out in a total of 175 fractures of the humerus, femur, and tibia in 95 cats (bilateral femur in 1 case) and 77 dogs (bilateral femur in 2 cases). Radiographic follow-up for the cases was performed at monthly intervals. Non-union developed in one dog with a femoral fracture in which cerclage wire had also been used. Delayed healing and lameness were observed in two other dogs. Healing with excessive callus formation was observed in 16 dogs. However, there were not any problems noted in these dogs in regards to limb usage. Clinical and radiological results obtained for the remaining cases were found to be very good. Normal, complete fracture healing occurred between four to 14 weeks in dogs, and between four to 12 weeks in cats. Pins were removed upon observation of satisfactory functional and radiographic recovery. Pins could not be removed from 26 cats and 21 dogs as the owners had declined pin removal, or because the owners were lost to follow-up.

Bilateral pes valgus in an Anatolian Sheepdog.

A 15-month-old, male, Anatolian Sheepdog weighing 45 kg, was admitted with uneven stance in both hindlegs, a condition it had had since the age of six months. Radiographs of both hindlimbs revealed lateral deviation of 26 degrees in the distal metaphysis of the left tibia and 32 degrees in the distal metaphysis of the right tibia. Corrective osteotomy was used to treat the deformity. Both tibias were aligned with the closed wedge osteotomy and a suitably curved plate was placed on both bones. In the assessment prior to the removal of both plates, it was determined that a valgus deformation of 6 degrees was still present. However, this did not affect the gait, nor did it have an abnormal effect on the cosmetic appearance. It was concluded that if corrective osteotomy is performed before any degenerative changes have taken place, the outcome will be successful.

The treatment of supracondylar and diaphyseal femoral fractures incats using intramedullary two-way stacked Kirschner wire application

* Correspondence: didaraydin@hotmail.com

TAVŞANLARDA ENDOTRAKEAL ENTUBASYON TEKNiĞİ KULLANILARAK İNHALASYON ANESTEZİSİ UYGULAMASI

OZET Bu calismada 12 tavsan kullanildi. Olgulara intravenoz (IV) yol ile 0.5 mg/kg diazepam premedikasyonu yapildi. Anestezi induksiyonunda 10 mg/kg IV propofol kullanildi ve sonrasinda tavsanlar entube edildi. Entubasyonu takiben sevofluranla inhalasyon anestezisi uygulandi. Calismada, tavsanlarda endotrakeal entubasyon teknigi ile klinik uygulamalarda ve deneysel calismalarda guvenli ve kontrollu bir anestezi saglanabilecegi sonucuna varilmistir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Endotrakeal entubasyon, inhalasyon anestezisi, tavsan. ABSTRACT ADMINISTRATION OF INHALATION ANAESTHESIA IN RABBITS USING THE ENDOTRACHEAL INTUBATION TECHNIQUE This study carried out on 12 rabbits. Intravenous (IV) diazepam premedication at a dose of 0.5mg/kg was given to the animals. Anaesthesia induction was performed using propofol at a dose of l0 mg/kg IV and the rabbits were intubated subsequently. After intubation, inhalation anaesthesia was administered using sevoflurane. In this study, it has been concluded that by using the endotracheal technique in rabbits, a reliable and controlled anaesthesia can be achieved in clinical cases and experimental studies. Key Words: Endotracheal intubation, inhalation anesthesia, rabbit.

DOMUZLARDA İNHALASYON ANESTEZİSİ

Ozet Domuz, insan cerrahisinde yurutulen deneysel calismalarda tercih edilen bir hayvan turudur. Sedatif, ataraktik ve anestezik ajanlara tepkilerinin degiskenligi ve solunum depresyonuna yatkinliklari, domuzlarda guvenilir anestezi tekniklerinin secimini zorunlu kilar. 60 dakikadan uzun surecek cerrahi islemlerde, inhalasyon anestezisi guvenle kullanilabilecek bir yontemdir. Domuzlarda inhalasyon anestezisi maske yontemi ya da entubasyon uygulamasiyla gerceklestirilir. Bu calismada domuzlarda kas ici yolla 0.03 mg/kg atropin ve 3 mg/kg xylazin premedikasyonu uygulanmistir. 10 mg/kg i.m kelamin enjeksiyonu sonrasinda, i.v. yolla 10 mg/kg thiopental seklinde duzenlenen anestezi protokolu sonrasinda inhalasyon anestezisi gerceklestirilmistir. Tarafimizdan modifiye edilen entubasyon tuplerinin de kullanildigi calismada. 6 olguda entubasyon, 4 olguda maske yontemiyle halotan ya da isofluranla inhalasyon anestezisi uygulanmistir. Calisma sonucunda, domuzlarda yapilacak her turlu major cerrahi operasyonlarda entubasvonla gerceklestirilen inhalasyon anestezisi yonteminin, anestezi kalitesi ve guvenilirligi acisindan oldukca tatminkar bulundugu belirlenmistir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Entubasyon, inhalasyon anestezisi, domuz INHALATION ANESTHESIA IN SWINE Abstract Pig is an animal species that preferred in experimental studies for human surgery. The variation of the reaction to the sedative, ataractic and anesthetic agent and the inclination to respiratory depression makes it necessary to choose reliable anesthetic methods for the pigs. Inhalations anesthesia is a reliable method in surgery procedures more than 60 minutes. Inhalations anesthesia in pig is realized by mask technique or intubation application in pig. In this stud}, pigs were prcmedicated by intramuscular administration of 0.03 mg/kg atropine and 3 mg/kg xylazin. The anesthesia protocol was scheduled to be contiuned by 10 mg/kg intramuscular ketamine then 10 mg/kg intraveno/ thiopental and followed by inhalation anesthesia. Intubation tuhes modified by us have been used in this study, inhalation anesthesia has been applied by the mask technique in 4 cases and by intubation in 6 eases. Haloihane or isoflurane has been used in inhalation anesthesia. As a result of research, concerning anesthesia quality and reliability inhalation anesthesia method which is used in all types surgery is found to be the satisfactory one. Key Words: Intubation, inhalation anesthesia, swine

BİR MİDİLLİ KISRAĞINDA MONTEGGİA KIRIĞI VE OPERATİF SAĞALTIMI

Ozet Bu gozlemde, 10 yasindaki bir Midilli kisraginda karsilasilan distal olekranon kirigi ile komplike dirsek eklemi cikigi (Monteggia kirigi) ve parsiyel radius kmgmin, plaka osteosentezi ile operatif sagaltimi ve gec donem klinik sonuclan rapor edilmektedir. Operasyondan 20 gun sonra plakayi tutan vidalardan bir kismi kirilarak fiksasyonun stabilitesi bozulmustur. Bunun sonucunda eklemde osteoartrit ve ankiloz geliserek, karpal eklemde fleksiyon ve orta derecede bir topalliga neden olmustur. Bu durumun duzeltilmesi icin, sumbugu gagali ozel bir nal cakilarak hayvanin genis alanda hareket etmesine imkan verilmistir. Bu uygulamalardan 4 ay sonra yapilan klinik ve radyolojik muayenelerde belirgin bir duzelme gorulmedigi ve atin halen sumbugu ile basarak ve topallayarak yurudugu belirlenmistir. Anahtar kelimeler: Midilli, Monteggia kirigi, plaka osteosentezi. MONTEGGIA FRACTURE AND OPERATIVE TREATMENT IN A PONY MARE Summary In this case report, distal olecranon fracture complicated with elbow luxation (Monteggia fracture) and partial radial fracture, encounter in a 10 years old Pony mare, treatment with plate osteosynthesis and late stage clinical result is reported. Some of screws, which were holding plate, broken 20 days after surgery and fixation were failed. According to this, carpal flexion and mild lameness has formed. Because of osteoarthritis, ankylosis occurred. To eliminate this problem a toe lengthen shoe applied and animal left in a large open space. Four month after this application, in clinical and radiological check-ups, there were no significant recovery and the horse were still step on toe and lamed. Key words: Pony, Monteggia fracture, plate osteosynthesis