P.D. Vobly

The dedicated synchrotron radiation source Siberia-2

Abstract A general presentation on the main storage ring of the SRS complex SIBERIA is given. The facility will consist of the 2.5 GeV electron ring SIBERIA-2 with 12 straight sections to accomodate insertion devices. The magnetic lattice is optimized to achieve high btightness of SR. A low horizontal emittance of 7.65×10 −6 cm rad is obtained.

The OK-5/Duke storage ring VUV FEL with variable polarization

Abstract The OK-5/Duke storage ring free electron laser (FEL) project was started in 1998. Presently, the components of the OK-5 FEL and the new South straight section are in the final stage of manufacturing. This paper describes the design and the main features of the OK-5/Duke storage ring FEL. The basic concepts and main compromises made in the design process are presented. Plans for the OK-5 FEL commissioning are discussed.

Development of superconducting compact storage rings for technical purposes in the USSR (invited)

The work on the creation of compact storage rings, superconducting rectangular magnet‐based synchrotron radiation (SR) sources produced jointly with the Association VACUUMMASHPRIBOR (Moscow) for technology and research purposes is described. The tests of a pilot model and the current status of work on SIBERIA‐SM and a stand for storage rings are reported. Also presented are the results of calculations concerning the field distribution and the dynamic aperture in the storage ring. New projects of SR sources, a 1.2‐GeV storage ring for micromechanics and a 2.4‐GeV storage ring, both having superconducting and warm magnets in their structure, are discussed.

Helical wigglers for the OK-5 storage ring VUV FEL at Duke

Abstract In this paper, we present the design and parameters of electromagnetic wigglers with controllable polarization for the VUV OK-5/Duke storage ring FEL. The OK-5 FEL, the first distributed optical klystron, is comprised of four wigglers and three matching sections with individually controlled quadrupoles and bunchers. The geometry and the relative strength of horizontal and vertical fields determine the polarization of the radiation from the OK-5 wigglers. We compare the predicted and measured quality of the wiggler fields.

Superconducting 7.5 tesla wiggler for PLS

Abstract The construction of a dedicated SR source — the 2 GeV PLS — is being completed in Korea. The superconducting 3-pole wiggler (the wavelength shifter) with a 7.5 T maximum field at the central pole, which is to be installed at the PLS storage ring, was manufactured by the Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics (Novosibirsk) in cooperation with the PLS Laboratory (POSTECH, Pohang). The magnetic field at the side poles does not exceed 1.7 T in order to suppress the second source in the hard spectral region. The basic parameters of the wiggler and the radiation properties are given. Preliminary results of the wiggler testing in a special immersed cryostat are presented.

Electromagnetic undulators for the VEPP-3 optical klystron

Abstract Two types of electromagnetic undulators are described. The first one has 33.5 periods with a length of 10 cm and a magnetic field amplitude of 5.3 kG. The other, developed for future FEL experiments, has 39.5 periods with 7 cm length and a magnetic field amplitude of 55 kG.

Project of a race-track microtron-recuperator for a free electron laser

Abstract A project for a race-track microtron — the beam source for a FEL — is considered. The beam, utilized in a FEL, returns to a microtron where it decelerates and releases its energy to an rf system. The energy of electrons is 35 MeV and the mean current ranges up to 0.1 A.

Compact storage rings Siberia‐AS and Siberia‐SM synchrotron radiation sources for lithography

The paper deals with two projects of compact superconducting storage rings for industrial production of integrated circuits (IC) using x‐ray lithography within the 8‐ to 20‐A wavelengths range. The azimuthally symmetric superconducting storage ring Siberia‐AS at an energy of 600 MeV is a superconducting analog of VEP‐1, one of the earliest storage rings in the world intended for the purposes of high‐energy physics. Unlike the conventional design, no iron yoke is used in the storage ring under consideration to form the magnetic field at the equilibrium orbit and to close the return magnetic flux—this is performed by some inner and outer superconducting windings. Such a scheme enables the size of the storage ring to be substantially reduced (a cylinder of 2 m in diameter and 2 m long), and as a result, its weight decreases, too (about 10 tons). The eight‐magnet storage ring Siberia‐SM is of four‐order symmetry so that the periodicity element comprises two rectangular magnets and three lenses. Its basic comp...

First UV/visible lasing with the OK-4/Duke storage-ring FEL: design and initial performance

The OK-4/Duke storage ring FEL was commissioned in November 1996 and demonstrated lasing in the near UV and visible ranges (345 - 413 nm). The OK-4 is the first storage ring FEL with the shortest wavelength and highest power for UV FELs operating in the United States. During one month of operation we have performed preliminary measurements of the main parameters of the OK-4 FEL: its gain, lasing power and temporal structure. In addition to lasing, the OK-4/Duke FEL generated a nearly monochromatic (1% FWHM) 12.2 MeV gamma-ray beam. In this paper we describe the design and initial performance of the OK-4/Duke storage ring FEL. We compare our predictions with lasing results. Our attempt to lase in the deep UV range (around 193 nm) is discussed. The OK-4 diagnostic systems and performance of its optical cavity are briefly described.

Project of the compact superconducting storage ring Siberia-SM

Abstract In the last decade researches dealing with the creation of technology for X-ray lithography and for appropriate production equipment have been performed in many countries. The basic aim of these works is to provide a mass production of inexpensive devices with submicron structures (0.7-0.1 μm). Bringing X-ray lithographic technology into commercial practice necessitates to design and build a dedicated SR source for the electronic industry. The use of superconducting bending magnets with 40–70 kG field strength enables the storage ring circumference to be reduced by a factor of 2–5 and the injection energy by a factor of 3—4 as compared to the conventional designs of storage rings. In the present paper we consider a storage ring which was designed for a maximum energy of 600 MeV, with 60 kG field strength in its bending magnets and 10 m circumference. The critical SR wavelength is 8.6 A. The electrons are injected into the storage ring at 50–60 MeV and the maximum stored current is assumed to be equal to 0.3 A.