P. Geetha

GIS-Based Ground Water Quality Monitoring in Thiruvannamalai District, Tamil Nadu, India

Ground water is a vital resource for drinking water around the world. The economic and ecological stability of many countries heavily relay upon groundwater availability. With rapid developments in industrial and agricultural sectors, the need for ground water is greater than ever before. Consequently, the quality of ground water is affected by fertilizers, effluents run off from industries, chemical dumping sites, domestic sewage, etc. Hence, it is necessary to constantly monitor ground water quality as it has a serious impact on human health. In this paper, we have analyzed ground water quality of Thiruvannamalai district of Tamil Nadu, India. The ground water samples are taken from 13 locations per area. Water Quality Index (WQI) is estimated for each area to ascertain for the potability of water. The physicochemical parameters like pH, Electrical Conductivity (EC), nitrates, fluorides, and chlorides sample data are compared against World Health Organization (WHO) standards. Geographical information system (GIS), an efficient tool for estimating water quality is used both in spatial and temporal domain. The results are useful in efficient monitoring and assessment of ground water and thus, for taking relevant measures to curb unrestrained exploitation.

Empirical Wavelet Transform for Improved Hyperspectral Image Classification

Capturing images in thousands of contiguous spectral bands has been made simpler with the emergence of technology in the field of hyperspectral remote sensing. Despite of these huge data available for analysis, Hyperspectral images (HSI) face many challenges due to high dimensionality, noise, spectral mixing and computational complexity. Several preprocessing methods can be used to overcome the above mentioned issues. In this paper, an enhancement technique using 2D-Empirical Wavelet Transform (EWT) is used as a preprocessing step for the HSI reconstruction prior to sparsity based classification (Subspace Pursuit and Orthogonal Matching Pursuit). The effectiveness of the proposed method is proved by comparing the classification results obtained with and without applying preprocessing. Experimental analysis shows a significant improvement in the classification accuracies i.e., for 40\(\%\) of training samples, OMP shows an improvement in overall classification accuracy from 66.12\(\%\) to 93.20\(\%\) and SP shows an improvement from 66.36\(\%\) to 92.74\(\%\).

Agricultural drought analysis for Thuraiyur taluk of Tiruchirappali District using NDVI and land surface temperature data

Drastic changes in temperature and rainwater leads to the significant impact on drought which affects agricultural growth. Agricultural drought is a term which explains about reduction in the yield of crops due to abnormalities in rainfall as well as decline in soil moisture that affects agriculture, economy, social aspect, and environment. A trivial variation in the monsoon mainly affects the yield as well as the crops significantly. With the help of remote sensing data agricultural monitoring, management and assessment is done to calculate vegetation and temperature variations. Thuraiyur taluk in Tiruchirappalli District, of Tamilnadu (India) lies in a plain region between 11° 10′ N latitude and 78° 37′ E longitude. It depends mainly on the agriculture therefore the influence of drought affects the yield and the living of humans. The current study deals with the vegetation stress in the Thuraiyur taluk of Tiruchirappalli district with the usage of the Land Surface Temperature (LST) and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). The Landsat data is utilized for the computation of LST and NDVI. The mixture of LST and NDVI, helps to monitor agricultural drought and also as a counsel for farmers. By computing the relationship between LST and NDVI, it is noted that they have a high negative correlation. The correlation between LST and NDVI is −0.763 for the year 2013 and −0.685 for the year 2016. The LST when interrelated with the vegetation index helps to identify the agricultural drought, as demonstrated in the current study.

Wind Farm Potential Assessment Using GIS

Wind energy harvest mainly resides on the place where the trapping of wind energy is efficient along with a self-sustained transmission grid. It becomes a compete source of renewable energy and a proper Geographic Information System (GIS) is required for mapping. This paper employs such techniques for the identification of wind potential area along with the pavement of the transmission grid in Avinashi taluk of Tamil Nadu. This helps in the potential identification of the wind farm installation place, there by solving the energy crisis in Avinashi.

Real Time Water Utility Model Using GIS: A Case Study in Coimbatore District

Water has become the eternal wonder in 21st century with rapid increase of population and expansion of city limits. The demand for the water has grown up exponentially. Water distribution network needs an efficient modeling for the operation and maintenance with minimal errors in catering to the needs of people with the equitable amount of water through out the year. Creating a simulation model of a real time water distribution network with the account of the pressure and elevation to analyze the flow distribution between the nodes and demand in the network. Geographical information system is an effective tool for decision support using ArcGIS and Water-gems software. Here we tried to characterize the size of pipes with the different diameters of pipes used in the network. The results of the simulation model shows drastic change in the demands resulting in consequences like back-flow, high pressure zone and negative pressure leading to the leakage of pipes making more investment towards the installation and maintenance cost. Main aim of this research is to carry out hydraulic modelling of water distribution network using GIS and reducing the leakage in the pressure zones in saving the time and to minimize the expenditure towards the maintenance. Thus by creating an equity model for the water distribution network in fulfilling minimal demand required across the city.