P. Morin

New high luminosity “double toroidal” electron spectrometer

In this article we describe the design and the operation of an original, high transmission, electrostatic “double toroidal” electron energy analyzer. The double toroidal analyzer allows the high resolution and high luminosity simultaneous measurement of the kinetic energy, and angular distribution of electrons, using a two-dimensional position sensitive detector. The exact shape of the electrodes is deduced from both analytical and numerical electron trajectory calculations. The electron detector is based on a charge analysis and optimized to attain a 100 kHz counting rate. The actual performances of the analyzer are illustrated with spectra obtained after resonant Auger decay of N2O excited around the nitrogen K shell (hν=401 eV), and of Kr after 3d5/2→5p excitation at hν=91.2 eV. A “etendue” of 15% of the pass energy, as well as a resolving power (Ep/δE) of 100 were measured.

High spatial resolution two-dimensional position sensitive detector for the performance of coincidence experiments

A position sensitive detector (PSD) adapted to the technical and mechanical specifications of our angle and energy resolved electron-ion(s) coincidence experiments is described in this article. The device, whose principle is very similar to the one detailed by J. H. D. Eland [Meas. Sci. Technol. 5, 1501 (1994)], is composed by a set of microchannel plates and a delay line anode. The originality comes from the addition in front of the encoding surface of a ceramic disk covered by a resistive surface. The capacitive coupling between the anode and the resistive plane has the double advantage of eliminating the spatial modulations due to the lattice of the anode and also of sensitizing a greater number of electrodes, increasing thus considerably the accuracy of the position measurements. The tests carried out with a time to digital conversion module of 250 ps resolution showed that a spatial resolution better than 50μm and a dead time of 160 ns can be achieved. Typical images obtained with the help of the EPI...

Resonant Auger spectroscopy on SiF4 and SiCl4 molecules excited around the silicon 2p edge

Abstract We describe in this paper very recent results obtained by mean of resonant Auger spectroscopy experiments on SiF 4 and SiCl 4 molecules excited around the silicon 2p edge. Both molecules exhibit participator resonant Auger decay paths never observed in previous measurements. The enhancement of photoelectron lines is interpreted by the silicon character versus the halogeno lone pairs parentage. In contrast with the SiF 4 molecule, the SiCl 4 molecule reveals a continuous electron background when exciting the two first core to anti-bonding discrete resonances. A possible explanation of the origin of this electron background in terms of an Auger emission perturbed by the nuclear motion is also given.

Photofragmentation study of hexamethyldisiloxane following core ionization and direct double ionization

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Auger spectroscopy studies of gas-phase hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDSO) are presented. The photodissociation of this molecule is studied using various experimental coincidence techniques. We compare the fragmentation pathways observed after core ionization followed by Auger decay and after valence double photoionization of the molecule. A strongly selective production of the doubly charged tetramethyldisiloxane ion is observed in the low binding-energy regions. Theoretical calculations are carried out to tentatively explain the stability of the produced dication.

H2S ultrafast dissociation probed by energy-selected resonant Auger electron-ion coincidence measurements

We have studied the ultrafast dissociation of the H2S molecule upon S 2p3/2-->6a1 inner-shell excitation by combining high-resolution resonant Auger spectroscopy and energy-selected Auger electron-ion coincidence measurements. Auger final states have been correlated to the different fragmentation pathways (S+, HS+, and H2S+ ions). As an original result, we evidence a three-step mechanism to describe the resonant production of S+: the Auger recombination in the HS* fragment is followed for the A 3Pi and c 1Pi states by the S++H fragmentation mechanism.