P. Mungporn

Control of High-Energy High-Power Densities Storage Devices by Li-ion Battery and Supercapacitor for Fuel Cell/Photovoltaic Hybrid Power Plant for Autonomous System Applications

This study presents an energy management approach for a hybrid energy system comprised of a photovoltaic (PV) array and a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). Two storage devices [a Li-ion battery module and a supercapacitor (SC) bank] are used in the proposed structure as a high-energy high-power density storage device. Multisegment converters for the PV, fuel cell (FC), battery, and SC are proposed for grid-independent applications. Nonlinear differential flatness-based fuzzy logic control for dc-bus voltage stabilization for power plant is investigated. To validate the control approach, a hardware system is realized with analog circuits for the PV, FC, battery, and SC current control loops (inner controller loops), and with numerical calculation (dSPACE) for the external energy control loop. Experimental results with small-scale devices [a PV array (800 W, 31 A), a PEMFC (1200 W, 46 A), a Li-ion battery module (11.6 Ah, 24 V), and an SC bank (100 F, 32 V)] demonstrate the excellent energy-management scheme during load cycles.

DC bus stabilization of Li-Ion battery based energy storage for hydrogen/solar power plant for autonomous network applications

This paper presents an energy management approach for a hybrid energy system comprised of a photovoltaic (PV) array and a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). A single storage device, i.e., a Li-ion battery module, is used in the proposed structure. Linear proportional-integral (PI) and nonlinear flatness-based controllers for dc bus stabilization for power plants are compared. To verify the control approaches, a hardware system is realized with analog circuits for the PV, FC, and battery current control loops (inner controller loops) and with numerical calculation (dSPACE) for the external energy control loops. Experimental results with small-scale devices [namely, a PV array (800 W, 31 A), a PEMFC (1200 W, 46 A), and a Li-ion battery module (11.6 Ah, 24 V)] illustrate the excellent energy management scheme during load cycles, and the nonlinear differential flatness-based control was determined to provide improved dc bus regulation relative to a classical linear PI control method.

Comparative study of control approaches of Li-Ion battery/supercapacitor storage devices for fuel cell power plant

This study presents energy management approaches for a fuel cell (FC) power plant for autonomous system applications. Two storage devices (supercapacitor (SC) and Li-ion battery) are used in the proposed structure. Linear proportional-integral (PI) and nonlinear flatness-based controllers for dc bus stabilization for power plants are compared. Experimental results with small-scale devices [namely, a PEMFC (1200 W, 46 A), a Li-ion battery module (11.6 Ah, 24 V), and a supercapacitor bank (100 F, 25 V)] illustrate the excellent energy-management scheme during motor drive cycles.

Differential flatness control approach for fuel cell/solar cell power plant with Li-ion battery storage device for grid-independent applications

A solar cell/hydrogen energy power plant, fed by photovoltaic (PV) and fuel cell (FC) sources with a Li-ion battery (Bat) storage device and suitable for distributed generation applications, is proposed herein. The PV is used as the main source; the FC acts as a backup, feeding only the insufficiency power (steady-state) from the PV; and the battery functions as an auxiliary source and a short-term storage system for supplying the deficiency power (transient and steady-state) from the PV and the FC. For high-power applications and optimization in power converters, four-phase parallel converters are implemented for the FC converter, the PV converter, and the battery converter, respectively. Using the non-linear estimation based on the differential flatness property for dc bus energy regulation, we propose a simple solution to the fast response and stabilization problems in the power system. This is the main contribution of this research paper. The prototype small-scale power plant implemented was composed of a PEMFC system (1.2 kW, 46 A [NexaTM Ballard Power Systems]), a PV array (0.8 kW [Ekarat Solar Cell]), and a Li-ion module (11.6 Ah, 24 V [SAFT Technology]). Experimental results validate the excellent control algorithm during load cycles.

Current-fed full-bridge DC-DC converter with nonlinear control scheme

This paper presents a control algorithm for dealing with the constraints of energy power source and a current-fed full-bridge converter. The advantages of this control scheme include transient and steady-state responses and robustness. The prototype of 26 V/100 V 250 W and its controller were implemented. A dSPACE DS1104 was used to implement the outer control loop by using flatness systems properties. An analog control card was employed as an inner control loop by using hysteresis-based PWM. The validation of the proposed control was demonstrated through experiment results.

Differential flatness based-control of fuel cell/photovoltaic/wind turbine/supercapacitor hybrid power plant

A renewable energy hybrid power plant, fed by photovoltaic (PV), wind turbine (WT), and fuel cell (FC) sources with a supercapacitor (SC) storage device and suitable for distributed cogeneration applications, is proposed herein. The PV, the WT, and the FC are used as the main source; and the SC functions as an auxiliary source and a short-term storage system for supplying the deficiency power (transient and steady-state) from the main sources. Based on the flatness property for dc grid voltage stabilization, we propose a simple solution to the fast response and stabilization problems in the power system. This is the innovative contribution of this paper. The prototype small-scale power plant implemented was composed of a PEMFC system (1.2 kW, 46 A), a PV array (0.8 kW), a WT (1 kW), and an SC module (100 F, 32 V). Experimental results validate the excellent control algorithm during load cycles.

A nonlinear control approach to the energy management of solar power plant with supercapacitor for grid-independent applications

A renewable energy hybrid power plant, fed by photovoltaic (PV) source with a supercapacitor (SC) storage device and suitable for distributed generation applications, is proposed herein. The PV is used as the main generator and the supercapacitor functions as an auxiliary source for supplying the deficiency power (transient and steady-state) from the PV. For high power applications, 4-phase parallel boost converters and 4-phase parallel bidirectional converters are implemented for the PV converter, and a storage device, respectively. A mathematical model (reduced-order model) of the PV, and supercapacitor converters is described for the control of the power plant. Using the nonlinear approach based on the flatness property, we propose a simple solution to the optimization, stabilization, and robustness problems in the hybrid power system. This is the key innovative contribution of this research paper. The prototype small-scale power plant studied was composed of a PV array (0.8 kW) and a supercapacitor module (100 F). Experimental results authenticate the excellent control algorithm during load cycles.

Photovoltaic power control based on differential flatness approach of multiphase interleaved boost converter for grid connected applications

A proposed parallel power converter with interleaving algorithm is chosen to boost a low dc voltage of photovoltaic (PV) to a dc bus utility level and then follows by inverter. Converters are controlled by interleaved switching signals, which have the same switching frequency and the same phase shift. By virtue of paralleling the converters, the input current can be shared among the cells or phases, so that high reliability and efficiency in power electronic systems can be obtained. In this paper, a nonlinear-control algorithm based on the flatness property of the system is proposed. Flatness provides a convenient framework for meeting a number of performance specifications on the power converter. To validate the proposed method, a prototype PV power converter (1.2-kW two-phase boost converters in parallel) is realized in the laboratory. The proposed control law based on the flatness property is implemented by digital estimation in a dSPACE 1104 controller card. Experimental results in the laboratory corroborate the excellent control scheme.

A nonlinear control algorithm of Li-ion battery substation for DC distributed system

This paper presents a control algorithm for dc-bus stabilization in weak network that uses a Li-ion battery as the battery substation. The battery modules connected with 2-quadrant 4-phase parallel converter with interleaved technique. In this paper, a nonlinear control algorithm based on the flatness properties of the system is proposed. Using the flatness property, we propose simple solutions to dc distributed system and stabilization problems. A hardware system is implemented in laboratory. The prototype small-scale power plant is composed of a dc main source (80 V, 500 W), and a Li-ion battery module (11.6 Ah, 24 V). Experimental results substantiate the excellent control scheme during load cycles.

Performance investigation of high-energy high-power densities storage devices by li-ion battery and supercapacitor for fuel cell/photovoltaic hybrid power plant for autonomous system applications

This study presents an energy management approach for a hybrid energy system comprised of a photovoltaic (PV) array and a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). Two storage devices (a Li-ion battery module and a supercapacitor (SC) bank) are used in the proposed structure as a high-energy high-power density storage device. Multi-segment converters for the PV, FC, battery, and SC are proposed for grid independent applications. Nonlinear differential flatness-based fuzzy logic control for dc bus voltage stabilization for power plant are investigated. To validate the control approach, a hardware system is realized with analog circuits for the PV, FC, battery, and SC current control loops (inner controller loops) and with numerical calculation (dSPACE) for the external energy control loop. Experimental results with small-scale devices [a photovoltaic array (800 W, 31 A), a PEMFC (1200 W, 46 A), a Li-ion battery module (11.6 Ah, 24 V), and a SC bank (100 F, 32 V)] demonstrate the excellent energy-management scheme during load cycles.