P. Rekha

A mobile software for health professionals to monitor remote patients

There is a lack of timely access to necessary healthcare in remote areas, especially in India. This paper addresses the availability of quality healthcare, by introducing wireless technology to monitor patients, in remote areas. A reliable system to continuously monitor the patients in the remote areas has been developed, this software suite consists of two mobile software platforms. The first mobile software platform uses wearable wireless sensors to collect a Patients ECG and Blood Pressure based on the patients health condition. This sensed data is transmitted to the Patients mobile phone where the first level of analysis is performed and an emergency warning may be indicated. If the patients parameters are at a certain level a message is sent immediately to the Health Professionals mobile phone. The health data is also transmitted it to a central server for storage and further processing. This database can be of great value to health researchers. The second mobile software platform enables health professionals to view patients health reports on their mobile phones from the central database. The health professional can also assign the risk levels of each patient, from the health professionals mobile phone. Both platforms communicate with the central database using a web server. This research also considers power optimization in the patients mobile.

A WSN lifetime improvement algorithm reaping benefits of data aggregation and state transitions

Wireless sensor networks consist of different subsystems such as sensing, transmission, reception, power and processing systems. Battery power of sensor nodes is one of the important factors to consider in a wireless sensor system. Moreover, when such systems are deployed in remote environments for critical applications where the availability of electrical power is less, the factor presents a major constraint. Prior work has tackled this problem by introducing sleep, sense, transmit and receive states. Although most work employed these states in tree and cluster based networks they only incorporated at the leaf nodes. This paper introduces state transitions for cluster head nodes to further reduce energy. The algorithm basically combines data aggregation and state transition to improve the overall life time of the network. To validate the algorithm, we apply to a landslide monitoring and detection system and obtain 33% energy savings for leaf node and 30% energy saving for cluster head node when compared to naive algorithms that do not apply state transitions.

A remote triggered wireless sensor network testbed

This paper presents a remote triggered wireless sensor network (WSN) testbed used to facilitate multi-user remote access to the WSN experiments for virtual learning of wireless sensor network concepts. This testbed provides multiset, multi-group of WSN experimental setup that is capable to provide opportunity to perform remote code editing using over the air programming mechanism. This testbed also provides an intuitive web-based interface to the registered users for running the experiments, accessing and editing the source code of the experiment from anywhere in the world by means of internet. This remote triggering mechanism offers the user a flexible environment for the experimentation. An experimentation setup of 150 wireless sensor nodes are developed to suit the design of both indoor and outdoor experiments. The outdoor lab setup allows the users to learn the wireless propagational effects in the real environment. The WSN indoor lab setup comprises of nine sensor network experiments which allows the users to learn the WSN concepts such as configuring a WSN, clustering mechanisms, time synchronization mechanisms and experience the practical implementation in real time. This test bed offers the researchers and students an opportunity to trigger their inquisitiveness by providing the access to remote equipments and materials needed for the experimentation, shared via virtual manner wherein the experiment conduction and output observation can be performed online through an effective visualization tool.

A status quo of WSN systems for agriculture

Wireless Sensor Networks have revolutionized mobile Computing in the past decade or so. A myriad of systems have been designed and developed for various applications, most commonly, environmental monitoring, water quality monitoring, structural monitoring etc. One particular domain where there is a dearth of sensor networks implementation is agriculture. The advantages of sensor networks have not been leveraged for agriculture, particularly in the Indian agriculture scenario. Indian agriculturists or farmers have been using primitive methods such as use of bullock karts for plowing, use of Persian water wheel to collect water for irrigation, manual sowing, Harvesting of crops manually, etc. With Indias major economy earnings coming from agricultural products, it is imperative to use technology to improve productivity and consequently the economic growth of the country. This work presents a survey of wireless sensor network systems deployed for the agricultural domain. We clearly lay out the working methodologies and the drawbacks of existing systems, build upon them and finally propose our idea of a wireless sensor network for estimating crop yield that would help the farmer in making a right decision in choosing the right kind of crop.

Delay and energy optimization in multilevel balanced WSNs for landslide monitoring

In most of the real world wireless sensor network deployments, the energy utilization is a critical factor as the nodes are battery powered. In most of the real-world deployments it is observed that the sensing subsystem consumes higher power. In order to extend the lifetime of such systems it is required to reduce the sensing energy than communication energy. We have deployed a system for monitoring Landslides in India consists of 150 geo-physical sensors and used solar panels to power these sensor nodes. The decision making in favor of Landslide occurrence is based on the maximum values obtained from the high priority sensors. As this maximum value is not frequently changing in the deployment, locating the sensor node with maximum value allows us to switch off the other sensors for a predetermined period of time. This work proposes an optimal balanced network topology for delay minimization by parallelizing data aggregation operation in each sub-network. The sensor node switch off schemes on the top of delay minimized topology enables the optimal utilization of the available solar power. The analysis of these mechanisms shows that, more number of nodes can be powered with the available source of energy and can increase the network life time

DVM based scalable and adaptive multipath routing in MANET for emergency rescue application

Mobile ad hoc networks [MANET] are typically characterized by high mobility and frequent link failures that result in low throughput and high end-to-end delay. Present approaches to multipath routing make use of pre-computed routes determined during route discovery. All the paths are maintained by means of periodic update packets unicast along each path. In existing method best path is determined and maintained only with signal strength of disjoint paths. Signal strength between nodes is only the mobility prediction factor, which does not address the durability and stability of paths. Residual energy of nodes determines stability of path contains those nodes. Also does not consider the consistency of node through the previous behaves. This paper provides a design and a simulation frame work for measuring a Decision Value metric for mobility prediction of each alternate paths in MANET. Here a Periodic update packets measure Decision Value metric [DVM] and route maintenance is possible by means of the Signal strength between nodes, Residual energy and Consistency of each hop along the alternate paths, helps protocol to select the best scalable paths.

DVM based multipath routing in MANET for different scalable and adaptive environment

Mobile ad hoc networks [MANET] are typically characterized by high mobility and frequent link failures that result in low throughput and high end-to-end delay. Present approaches to multipath routing make use of pre-computed routes determined during route discovery. All the paths are maintained by means of periodic update packets uncast along each path. In existing method best path is determined and maintained only with signal strength of disjoint paths. Signal strength between nodes is only the mobility prediction factor, which does not address the durability and stability of paths. Residual energy of nodes determines stability of path contains those nodes. Also does not consider the consistency of node through the previous behaves. This paper provides a design and a simulation frame work for measuring a Decision Value metric for mobility prediction of each alternate paths in MANET. Here a Periodic update packets measure Decision Value metric [DVM] and route maintenance is possible by means of the Signal strength between nodes, Residual energy and Consistency of each hop along the alternate paths, helps protocol to select the best scalable paths.

Impact of algorithm complexity on energy utilization of wireless sensor nodes

Nowadays wireless sensor networks are implemented in a variety of fields to obtain real-time measurements. These networks are comprised of small, low cost devices called wireless sensor nodes (WSN). There are different types of wireless sensor nodes available in the market. Based on the requirements, wireless sensor nodes can be selected for each application. Power consumption is a major aspect in developing wireless sensor applications. In this paper, analysis of power consumption in different sensor nodes is conducted based on algorithms with different complexities. The experimental analysis results show that at a particular input current limit, Waspmote consumes 15% less power than MICAz mote in the case of O (1), 11.04% less in the case of O (n), 7.6% less in the case of O (n2), 3.9% less in case of O (log n) and 18.06% less in case of O (m+n)complex algorithms.

A Remote Code Editing Framework for AMRITA Remote Triggered WSN Laboratory

Our AMRITA remote triggered lab (RT Lab) for wireless sensor networks (WSN) offer the students and researchers, an easy, efficient, interactive and user friendly environment to trigger their inquisitiveness by providing them with the sensors, equipments, hardwares and study materials for conducting the lab experiments. RT Lab offers a web-based e-learning platform for the registered users to perform experimentation and coding remotely based on the provided study materials which are shared to them virtually. The users can learn nesC programming language and conduct the coding by means of the code editing interface. The sensor nodes in the WSN testbed, deployed in indoor and outdoor environment, undergoes remote reconfiguration and the sensor datas are collected by the WSN gateway. The users can observe the experimentation result such as the plotted sensor data and physical representation of the sensor network along with the remote video through the visualization tool. The paper details the design and implementation of remote code editing platform for RT Lab.

Over the Air Programming Method for Learning Wireless Sensor Networks

Wireless sensor networks (WSN) are small or tiny devices that consists of different sensors to sense physical parameters like air pressure, temperature, vibrations, movement etc., process these data and sends it to the central data center to take decisions. The WSN domain, has wide range of applications such as monitoring and detecting natural hazards like landslides, forest fire, avalanche, flood monitoring and also in healthcare applications. With such different applications, it is being taught in undergraduate/post graduate level in many universities under department of computer science. But the cost and infrastructure required to setup the WSN Lab for having the students getting hands on expertise on these devices is expensive. This paper gives overview about the Remote triggered lab that consists of more than 80 WSN nodes connected with various sensors, digital multimeters etc., that helps the students to remotely login from anywhere in the world using the World Wide Web, configure the nodes and learn the WSN concepts in intuitive way. The paper also proposes the application of over the air programming method to the remote triggered lab and the implemented protocol handshakes between processor and flash chip to store multiple images in micaz hardware. This helps to remotely program the nodes simultaneously and view the results with real time video streaming, without the nodes being physical connected to the computer system and thereby allowing for sparse deployment.