P. Romero

The EORTC Quality of Life Questionnaire for patients with colorectal cancer: EORTC QLQ-CR29 Validation Study for Spanish patients

IntroductionThe EORTC Quality of Life (QL) Group has developed a questionnaire -the EORTC QLQ-CR29- for evaluating QL in colorectal cancer. The aim of this study is to assess the psychometric properties of the EORTC QLQ-CR29 when applied to a sample of Spanish patients.Materials and methodsEighty-four locally advanced rectal cancer patients in the treatment follow-up period after receiving surgery and neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy were included in the study. Seventy subjects also had adjuvant chemotherapy. Patients completed both the EORTC QLQ-C30 and the QLQ-CR29 once. The psychometric evaluation of the questionnaire’s structure, reliability, and convergent, divergent and known-groups validity was performed.ResultsMultitrait scaling analysis showed that three of the multi-item scales met the standards of convergent and discriminant validity. These same scales reached the 0.7 Cronbach’s coefficient criterion or were close to it. In both analyses exceptions were observed in the blood and mucus in stool scale. Correlations between the scales of the QLQ-C30 and the module were low (r<0.02) in most cases. A few areas with more related content had higher correlations (r<0.05). Group comparison analyses showed differences in QL between groups of patients based on age, comorbidity, performance status, receipt of adjuvant chemotherapy and surgery modality.ConclusionsThe EORTC QLQ-CR29 is a reliable and valid instrument when applied to a sample of Spanish rectal cancer patients. These results are in line with those of the EORTC validation study.

Hyperfractionated radiotherapy and concomitant cisplatin for locally advanced laryngeal and hypopharyngeal carcinomas: Final results of a single institutional program

The purpose of this study was to achieve locoregional control of locally advanced laryngeal carcinoma, survival, and organ preservation using split hyperfractionated accelerated radiation therapy and cisplatin concomitantly. This study was a phase II trial of chemoradiotherapy with split hyperfractionated accelerated radiation therapy, 1.6 Gy per fraction given twice per day to a total dose of 64 to 67.2 Gy for a total of 6 weeks with a 2-week gap, and cisplatin 20 mg/m2, days 1 to 5, in continuous perfusion, concomitantly. Seventy-three patients were treated (stage IV, 64%). At a median follow-up of 55 months for living patients, median survival was 44 months, and 5-year overall survival and disease-free survival were 42% and 39%, respectively. Toxicities included mucositis (grade III, 40%; grade IV, 28%), epithelitis (grade III, 28%). Of the 73 patients, 32 (44%) have continued with their larynx free of disease. Split hyperfractionated accelerated radiation therapy and concomitant cisplatin has been demonstrated to be an active treatment for locally advanced laryngeal carcinomas, but more active combinations of chemotherapy and radiotherapy, without increase of toxicity, are necessary to increase the rate of locoregional control, organ preservation, and survival.

Braquiterapia guiada por imagen

Brachytherapy consists in the administration of radiation in intimate contact with the tumour, with a low exposure of neighbouring healthy tissues. Its use began in the early XX century and it has developed since then: different radioisotopes, systems of remote treatment, computer programs making individual dose calculation possible. In recent years there have been changes affecting two aspects of brachytherapy. In the first place, the incorporation of imaging techniques such as echography, computerised tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR), indispensable for diagnosis and tumoural staging. Their use when the implant is being done helps in guiding and carrying out the operation with greater precision. In the second place, the use of CT, MR and echography makes better coverage of the tumour possible, or reduces the dose to healthy organs. They are used in inverse planning systems, which carry out dose calculation on the basis of the doses to be administered to the tumour and healthy organs. In these planning programs it is possible to make calculations more rapidly, taking account of the placement of the source at each moment in time. This technique, called real-time planning, is starting to show advantages in the treatment of prostate cancer. Incorporation of imaging techniques and mprovements in calculation systems mean that brachytherapy is currently playing an important role in treating cancer of the prostate, cervix, breast, head and neck tumours, bronchial tubes or oesophagus.

Radioterapia en tumores móviles

In this article we detail some questions related to managing the treatment of mobile tumors, that is, those tumors that shift with respiratory movements, integrating movement into the plan of treatment. This fact complicates the administration of high doses of radiotherapy since, in such cases, the radiation margin must be wider than that required by the tumor itself, representing a greater risk to surrounding healthy tissue. However, the new technologies offer an alternative in these cases, such as tracking and respiratory gating in radiotherapy (RT), that is, the synchronization of treatment with respiratory movement. In gating we capture the tumor and other organs at risk at a specific moment in the breathing cycle, while in tracking we trace the tumor and the organs at risk throughout the breathing cycle. It is therefore essential to obtain good images and to correlate them with each phase of the breathing cycle. The tumors with which these strategies have been most employed are those of the lung, breast and lymphomas, and less frequently with some abdominal tumors such as pancreas, liver and prostate.In this article we detail some questions related to managing the treatment of mobile tumors, that is, those tumors that shift with respiratory movements, integrating movement into the plan of treatment. This fact complicates the administration of high doses of radiotherapy since, in such cases, the radiation margin must be wider than that required by the tumor itself, representing a greater risk to surrounding healthy tissue. However, the new technologies offer an alternative in these cases, such as tracking and respiratory gating in radiotherapy (RT), that is, the synchronization of treatment with respiratory movement. In gating we capture the tumor and other organs at risk at a specific moment in the breathing cycle, while in tracking we trace the tumor and the organs at risk throughout the breathing cycle. It is therefore essential to obtain good images and to correlate them with each phase of the breathing cycle. The tumors with which these strategies have been most employed are those of the lung, breast and lymphomas, and less frequently with some abdominal tumors such as pancreas, liver and prostate.