P. S. Manoharan

Covariance matrix adapted evolution strategy algorithm-based solution to dynamic economic dispatch problems

This article presents a covariance matrix adapted evolution strategy (CMAES) algorithm to solve dynamic economic dispatch (DED) problems. The DED is an extension of the conventional economic dispatch problem, in which optimal settings of generator units are determined with a predicted load demand over a period of time. In this article, the applicability and validity of the CMAES algorithm is demonstrated on three DED test systems with a sequential decomposition approach. The results obtained using the CMAES algorithm are compared with results obtained using the real-coded genetic algorithm, the Nelder–Mead simplex method, and other methods from the literature. To compare the performance of the various algorithms, statistical measures like best, mean, worst, standard deviation, and mean computation time over 20 independent runs are taken. The effect of population size on the performance of the CMAES algorithm is also investigated. The simulation experiments reveal that the CMAES algorithm performs better in terms of fuel cost and solution consistency. Karush–Kuhn–Tucker conditions are applied to the solutions obtained using the CMAES algorithm to verify optimality. It is found that the obtained results satisfy the Karush–Kuhn–Tucker conditions and confirm optimality.

Non-linear modeling and PID control of twin rotor MIMO system

This paper deals with PID control tuning for a nonlinear multi-input multi-output system (MIMO). In this paper, a laboratory helicopter model called the twin rotor MIMO system (TRMS) is considered as a MIMO system. The mathematical modeling of helicopter model is simulated using MATLAB/Simulink for controlling it. The two degrees of freedom (2-DOF) are controlled both in horizontal and vertical direction using proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller. Simulation results are obtained for different input signals. Moreover the error of the plant output and control output of PID controller are presented which show the performance evaluation of TRMS.

VLSI based space vector pulse width modulation switching control

An approach to generate space vector PWM (SVPWM) waveforms for three phase voltage sourced inverters using a low cost field programmable gate array (FPGA) is presented. The proposed scheme easily determines the location reference vector and calculation on times. It uses a simple mapping to generate gating signals for the inverter Space vector pulse width modulation strategy reduces the switching losses by limiting the switching to the two thirds of the pulse duty cycle. With proposed configuration the circuits for the adjustments of modulation index and phase angles are synthesized onto a FPGA by means of hardware description language(VHDL).since the VHDL statements, contrary to regular microprocessor programs, are inherently concurrent, high speed response for determination of circuit output can be achieved. The scheme can be easily extended to an n-level inverter. A two level and three level of Neutral point clamped (NPC) inverter topology configuration is used explain in this scheme.

Uncertainty modeling of nonlinear 2-DOF helicopter model

This paper proposes the modeling of uncertainty design of a two degree of freedom (2-DOF) nonlinear helicopter model with nine uncertain parameters. This approach is developed based on a robust μ-synthesis control tool for a laboratory helicopter model known as twin rotor multi-input multi-output system (TRMS). The goal of control is robust stabilization of position of TRMS by considering nonlinearity and uncertainties of the system. The percentage of uncertainty is introduced in the model and motor parameters for the robust control of TRMS. Simulation results show the frequency response analysis of open loop interconnection of TRMS. The singular value of the frequency response is evaluated for the dynamic TRMS plant. The position response of uncertain linearized model of TRMS is also analyzed.

PID control scheme for twin rotor MIMO system using a real valued genetic algorithm with a predetermined search range

This paper discusses the proportional-integral-derivative control scheme for a twin rotor multiple input multiple output system (TRMS), which is a nonlinear system with two degrees of freedom and cross couplings. The objectives of the work are to stabilize the TRMS, to attain a particular position and to make it to track a trajectory. Four PID controllers are used for achieving the objectives. The parameters of the PID controllers are tuned using the real valued genetic algorithm (RGA). The initial search range of the RGA is obtained using a control design optimization (CDO) technique. The control scheme is initially implemented for the decoupled system viz., horizontal and vertical 1-degree of freedom (1-DOF) systems, using 1 PID controller for each system, and it is followed by the implementation of the control scheme for the 2-degree of freedom (2-DOF) System.

Modeling and Simulation of Three-Phase DCMLI Using SVPWM for Photovoltaic System

A control of an eleven-level diode-clamped multilevel inverter (DCMLI) for photovoltaic (PV) systems is proposed in this paper. The fuzzy logic MPPT is used to track the maximum power. Space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) algorithm is used to control the DCMLI. In addition, this algorithm is used to determine to achieve low total harmonic distortion (THD). The proposed theory is validated by the simulation results. The operation and performance of the proposed multilevel inverter are evaluated using MATLAB/Simulink and compared with seven-level and nine-level DCMLI.

UPFC damping controller design using multi-objective evolutionary algorithms

In this paper, modified non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II (MNSGA-II)-based optimal damping control of unified power flow controller (UPFC) has been designed to enhance the damping of low frequency oscillations in power systems. The robust damping of UPFC controller design is formulated as a multi-objective optimisation problem, thereby minimising the integral squared error (ISE) of speed deviation and input control signal (u) under a wide range of operating conditions. The effectiveness of the proposed controller is confirmed through nonlinear time domain simulation and Eigen value analysis. The results are compared with NSGA-II and conventional method. Simulation result reveals that the obtained Pareto-front using MNSGA-II-based UPFC controllers are better and uniformly distributed due to the controlled elitism and dynamic crowding distance concepts. The proposed modulation index of shunt inverter (mE)-based damping controller is superior to the other damping controllers under different loading conditions and improves the stability of system.

Analysis of EOT characteristics of LED lamps

This paper describes about the testing of electrical, optical and thermal characteristics of various light sources. Consumers are often concerned about electrical and optical properties. But manufacturers give more attention to thermal characteristics. This is because the light output and life of light emitting diode (LED) mainly depends on its junction temperature; thermal characteristics are also to be considered. Measurement of basic parameters such as lamp current, power consumed by lamp, power factor, illumination level, heat emitted by light sources are described in this paper. By analyzing electrical, optical and thermal characteristics of various light sources, best lamp can be offered for particular lighting applications.

Feasibility Sensitivity Analysis in Potential Area for Standalone Hybrid Renewable Energy in Tamil Nadu, India

This paper attempts an investigation of the potential area of the standalone hybrid (solar and wind) renewable energy source. The investigation are based on the optimization result and ranking status. The various coastal areas identified for this are Kilakarai, Mandapam, Thirupullani, Kadaladi and Rameswaram in Ramanathapuram District of Tamilnadu State, India. The sensitivity analysis is also conducted. The consumer demand data are collected through the local distribution agency for the identified coastal areas. The wind and solar resources data are collected from NASA’s surface meteorology and solar energy resource. HOMER has been used in this paper for optimization result and for sensitivity analysis. The preliminary investigation indicates that Thirupullani area is the potential area for standalone hybrid renewable energy system among the five coastal areas identified. By the sensitivity analysis, it is proved that the cost of energy, net present cost and operating cost was reduced to half of the actual cost, except the capacity shortage in Thirupullani area.Keywords: Solar and Wind Energy, HOMER, Potential Analysis, Ranking Status

Optimizing an On-Grid Hybrid Power System in Educational Institution in Tamil Nadu, India

The increase in the consumption of utility electrical demand through conventional power supply has resulted in the generation of larger quantities of harmful emissions in power generation sector. Their treatment and disposal of CO2 emission by-products deemed to be a big challenge for viable solutions. This study examines the techno-economic potential of reducing the environmental effects by incorporation of renewable power resources, when applied at the institutional level, and determines its reduction in carbon footprints. The feasibility analysis and techno-economic potential of an on-grid hybrid power system are performed in HOMER Energy® simulation. The real-time data was obtained from institutional building in Madurai, study location in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. Based on the obtained real-time information, the techno-economic feasibility of different scenarios is considered including plain rate and net meter rate. The results show that the utilization of solar and wind hybrid configuration had reduced cost of energy, operating cost, and lesser negative effects on the environment for sustainable development.