P. Urban

A One-Dimensional Model of the Electrical Resistance Sintering Process

In this work, a theoretical model for the processing technique usually known as electrical resistance sintering (ERS) under pressure is proposed and validated. This technique consists of the consolidation of a metallic powder mass under compression by means of a high-intensity electrical current that passes through the aggregate. The electrical current heats the powder mass by the Joule effect. The model is numerically solved by the finite differential method, in which the added difficulty of the thermal–mechanical coupling of the process has been taken into account. To simplify the numerical resolution, a one-dimensional scheme has been considered for both the powder densification mechanical problem and the heat generation and transmission problem. Furthermore, the theoretical predictions obtained after solving the model are compared with the data recorded by the ERS equipment sensors during electrical consolidation experiments with iron and titanium powders. The reasonable agreement between the theoretical and experimental curves suggests that the model, despite its simplifications, reproduces the main characteristics of the process.

Densification rate of metal powders during hot uniaxial compaction

Abstract A model to describe the densification rate of a metal powder aggregate undergoing constant uniaxial pressure and temperature conditions is proposed. The model is based on the power law creep equation, and it is obtained by using the equivalent simple cubic system, a theoretical tool proposed by the authors in previous work. This theoretical tool assumes that it is possible to predict the evolution of the densification under the pressure of an actual powder system via the study of the same problem in a system of deforming spheres packed into a simple cubic lattice. The proposed model is validated with the help of experimental data obtained from uniaxial hot compaction experiments carried out with aluminium, tin and lead powders. The agreement obtained between theoretical curves and experimental data is reasonably good.

Amorphous Phase Formation and Heat Treating Evolution in Mechanically Alloyed Al-Ti Powders

This paper focuses on the microstructural characterization of Al25Ti75, Al37Ti63, Al50Ti50, Al63Ti37 and Al75Ti25 powders mixtures prepared by mechanical alloying (MA). The high-energy ball-milling, up to 75 h, of aluminium and titanium powders leads to a nanocrystalline or an amorphous structure. It is showed that a stable amorphous Al–Ti phase with uniform elemental distribution forms after 50 h of milling in Al50Ti50 alloy. Heat treatment of the different alloys leads to the crystallization of AlTi3, AlTi, Al2Ti and Al3Ti intermetallic compounds. A comprehensive study by laser granulometry, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was carried out on the structure, surface morphology and thermal behaviour of the MA Al-Ti mixtures, both of milled and heat treated powders.

Fabricación y caracterización de núcleos magnéticos de aleaciones amorfas mediante ruta pulvimetalúrgica simple y económica

espanolEn esta revision se recoge una descripcion detallada de la deuteracion de moleculas organicas utilizando la mezcla Cp2TiCl/Mn/D2O. Se trata de una deuteracion eficiente, selectiva, economica y respetuosa con el medio ambiente, la cual puede ser encuadrada dentro del concepto de Quimica Verde EnglishIn this review a detailed description of deuteration of organic molecules using Cp2TiCl/Mn/D2O mixture is reported. It is an efficient, selective and economic deuteration, respectful with the environment, which can be framed within the concept of Green Chemistry.espanolEn este documento se describen las diferentes lineas de investigacion en las que actualmente trabaja el grupo TIC 150: Tecnologia Electronica e Informatica Industrial del Departamento de Tecnologia Electronica (DTE) de la Universidad de Sevilla. Este grupo cuenta con una dilatada experiencia en proyectos de investigacion, tanto de convocatorias competitivas publicas, como en proyectos de investigacion en colaboracion con empresas. El TIC150 destaca por su elevada trasferencia tecnologica, asi como por su produccion cientifica. En este sentido, y a modo de ejemplo, en este trabajo se describen brevemente dentro de cada linea algunos de los proyectos mas representativos que reflejan el trabajo realizado. Asi pues, se hara especial hincapie en el proyecto SIIAM, proyecto del plan estatal actualmente activo, ya que auna las distintas lineas de investigacion del grupo de investigacion y, por tanto, supone un buen ejemplo de aplicacion EnglishThis document describes the different lines in which currently works the TIC150 research group: Electronic Technology and Industrial Computer Science, joined to the Department of Electronics Technology (DTE) of the University of Seville. This group has extensive experience in research projects, both competitive public calls and collaborative research projects with companies. The TIC150 stands out for its high technology transfer, as well as its scientific production. In this sense, as an example, this paper briefly describes some of the most representative projects (of different lines) which reflect the performed work. Thus, it will place special emphasis on the SIIAM project (funding through a governmental call). It is currently active and combines several lines research of the group, being a great example of application.En el Master Universitario en Diseno y Desarrollo de Productos e Instalaciones Industriales de la Escuela Politecnica Superior de la Universidad de Sevilla presentamos una serie de propuestas para desarrollar como proyectos de investigacion en la Asignatura Diseno y Fabricacion Asistidas por Ordenador (Bloque de Intensificacion I) y en el Trabajo Fin de Master, tecnicas de visualizacion con modelos de iluminacion global combinado con tecnicas de investigacion en aplicaciones informaticas orientadas al diseno. Estos trabajos han dado lugar a innovar desde el punto de vista docente incorporando nuevas tecnicas y metodos en asignaturas como por ejemplo, Representacion Fotorrealista y Animacion de Productos por Ordenador. En esta comunicacion presentaremos una serie de tecnicas que llevamos desarrollando desde el modelado tridimensional del producto hasta la obtencion de imagenes de sintesis digital, permitiendonos obtener una imagen de sintesis digital no solo del producto original, sino poder cambiar distintas formas y apariencias del mismo asi como su integracion en distintos entornos de uso o de operacion, incluso antes de su posible fabricacion.Ministerio de Industria, Energia y Comercio (Espana) y FEDER (European Union) Evaluacion de la homogenizacion por microcanales para la preparacion y caracterizacion de emulsiones submicronicas de aceites esenciales CTQ2015-70700-PespanolSe centra el trabajo en el estudio higienico, valorando y mensurando la existencia de riesgo y el nivel de exposicion a ruido por los profesionales de orquesta mediante estudio de caso con mediciones higienicas de ruido en la Real Orquesta Sinfonica de Sevilla (ROSS) en La opera Tosca de Puccini y el cuarto movimiento de la Novena Sinfonia de Beethoven. El conocimiento de las condiciones de trabajo desde la prevencion de riesgos laborales es un conocimiento evaluador para poder intervenir y esta ha sido la pauta a seguir. EnglishThe work focuses on hygienic study, valuing and measurand the existence of risk and the noise level exposured to noise by professionals of Orchestra through case study with hygienic measurements of noise in the Real Orquesta Sinfonica de Sevilla (ROSS) in the opera Tosca of Puccini and the fourth movement of Beethovens Ninth Symphony. The knowledge of conditions of work from the prevention of occupational risks is an evaluator knowledge to be able to intervene and this has been the pattern to follow.espanolEn este trabajo se muestra la viabilidad de utilizar tecnicas de analisis de series temporales para el problema de estimacion de la demanda. Los trabajos realizados incluyen aspectos iniciales de preparacion de datos, eleccion de las herramientas de procesado y analisis mediante tecnicas de series temporales. Quedan pendientes de desarrollo futuro la aplicacion de tecnicas de mineria de datos y su comparacion con los resultados de esta primera fase. EnglishIn this paper the feasibility of using techniques of time series analysis to the problem of estimating demand is shown. Works carried out include aspects of initial data preparation, choice of processing tools and analysis using time-series techniques. Application of data mining techniques and comparison with the results of this first phase are possible future works.espanolHoy en dia el interes por desarrollar nuevos materiales que satisfagan las necesidades tecnologicas, conlleva a un estudio continuo en la innovacion de los procesos de fabricacion. La ventaja que ofrecen las tecnicas pulvimetalurgicas de procesado en caliente convencional (HP) y directa (dHP), suponen un ahorro en tiempo que puede favorecer la viabilidad de nuevos materiales fabricados por estas tecnicas El potencial que presentan en cuanto a sus propiedades los materiales compuestos de matriz de titanio (TMCs), es muy valorado por el sector aeroespacial. La gran limitacion de uso de estos materiales en su aplicacion en otros sectores se debe en gran medida al alto coste. La linea de investigacion creada por este grupo en colaboracion con la empresa austriaca RHP-Technology, promueve el estudio-fabricacion-caracterizacion de TMCs fabricados mediante tecnicas pulvimetalurgicas avanzadas de compactacion en caliente. Esta colaboracion ofrece la posibilidad de producir materiales a la carta desde un punto de vista pulvimetalurgico. Los materiales estudiados principalmente son materiales compuestos de matriz titanio (TMCs) reforzados con particulas ceramicas como son el boro amorfo (B), el carburo de boro (B4C) y el diboruro de titanio (TiB2), con el objetivo de promover reacciones entre la matriz de titanio y las particulas de ceramicos que consoliden nuevos compuestos que actuan reforzando la matriz in situ. EnglishNowadays, the interest in developing novel materials to achieve the technological needs, leads to an ongoing study on innovation of manufacturing processes. The advantages of conventional Hot Pressing technique (HP) and direct Hot Pressing (dHP) involve savings in time in order to promote the viability of new materials manufactured by hot consolidation processes. Titanium Metal matrix Composites (TMCs) offer interesting properties, which are highly valued by the aerospace sector. However, there are some use limitations of these materials in other sectors due to their high cost. The research created by this group in collaboration with the Austrian research-company RHP-Technology, promotes the study-manufacturing-characterization of these TMCs. This collaboration provides the possibility of manufacturing materials “a la carte” from a point of view of Powder Metallurgy (PM). The materials studied are primarily TMCs reinforced with ceramic particles as boron amorphous (B), boron carbide (B4C) and titanium diboride (TiB2). By the addition of these ceramic materials to the matrix, in situ reactions between the matrix and the ceramic reinforcement are expected. In this respect, the titanium matrix becomes reinforced.espanolLos contaminantes organicos perfluorados, presentes en numerosos objetos de nuestra vida cotidiana, forman parte de los llamados contaminantes emergentes, que empiezan a ser regulados por ley y cuyos efectos sobre los organismos y el medio ambiente aun no estan bien evaluados. Estos compuestos se aplican en muchos productos industriales y domesticos por su resistencia al calor y su capacidad de repeler el agua y el aceite. La leche materna se ha utilizado como marcador biologico de la contaminacion ambiental ya que, por los procesos de bioacumulacion en tejido graso, muchos compuestos quimicos alcanzan concentraciones facilmente medibles en esta matriz. Dada la complejidad de la misma, y las dificultades que ofrece para su estudio desde un punto de vista analitico, este trabajo se ha centrado en la optimizacion y validacion de una nueva y sencilla metodologia analitica para la determinacion de cinco compuestos perfluorados (cuatro acidos perfluoroalquilicos (de C5 a C8) y el sulfonato de perfluorooctano) en leche materna mediante extraccion por sorcion sobre barras agitadoras, previa precipitacion quimica de grasas y proteinas, y posterior analisis mediante cromatografia de liquidos de ultra-resolucion acoplada a espectrometria de masas en tandem. EnglishPerfluoroalkyl compounds, present in several products of our everyday life, are part of the so-called emerging contaminants. Although they are starting to be regulated, their effects over organisms and the environment have not been well evaluated yet. Their widespread use on industrial and domestic products is due to their thermal stability and their unique ability to repel both water and oil. Breast milk has been used as biomarker of environmental pollution because several chemical compounds are bioaccumulated at quantifiable concentration levels in this fatty tissue. Due to the analytical challenge that involves this complex matrix, this work has been focused on the optimization and validation of a novel and simply analytical methodology for the determination of five perfluoroalkyl compounds (four perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (from C5 to C8) and perfluorooctane sulfonate) in breast milk. The analytical method involves a stir-bar sorptive extraction and analysis by UHPLC-MS/MS.

Phase stability, porosity distribution and microstructural evolution of amorphous Al50Ti50 powders consolidated by electrical resistance sintering

The effect of intensity and duration of the electrical resistance sintering process on the phase stability, porosity distribution and microstructural evolution of Al50Ti50 amorphous powders is studied. The phase transformations during the consolidation process were determined by X-ray diffraction. The porosity distribution was observed by optical and scanning electron microscopy. The amorphous phase is partially transformed to the crystalline phase during the sintering process, and formation of AlTi and AlTi3 intermetallic compounds occurs for temperatures higher than 300 °C. Finally, it is observed that the compacts core have lower porosity and a higher tendency to the amorphous-crystalline phase transformation than the periphery.

Solid state amorphization in the Al-Fe binary system during high energy milling

In the present study, mechanical alloying (MA) of Al75Fe25 elemental powders mixture was carried out in argon atmosphere, using a high energy attritor ball mill. The microstructure of the milled products at different stages of milling was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results showed that the amorphous phase content increased by increasing the milling time, and after 50 hours the amorphization process became complete. Heating the samples resulted in the crystallization of the synthesized amorphous alloys and the appearance of the equilibrium intermetallic compounds Al5Fe2.

Metallic Powders Amorphization by Mechanical Alloying and Subsequent Electrical Sintering

Al-base and Fe-base powders have been amorphized by a high energy milling process in an Attritor miller. Microstructural evolution in powder particles has been analyzed by XRD, DSC, SEM and TEM. The conventional route of cold pressing and sintering applied to these powders does not result adequate to preserve their amorphous or nanometric character. An additional disadvantage of this route appears during the cold pressing stage, as a consequence of the insufficient green strength of the compacts, due to the high hardness of the milled powders. In order to avoid these difficulties a new consolidation technique, electrical resistance sintering (ERS), has been successfully employed. ERS consolidated compacts have been microstructurally characterized by optical microscopy and XRD, showing that compacts preserve their amorphous and/or nanometric character.