Pablo Ruisoto

Experimental evidence for improved neuroimaging interpretation using three-dimensional graphic models.

Three‐dimensional (3D) or volumetric visualization is a useful resource for learning about the anatomy of the human brain. However, the effectiveness of 3D spatial visualization has not yet been assessed systematically. This report analyzes whether 3D volumetric visualization helps learners to identify and locate subcortical structures more precisely than classical cross‐sectional images based on a two dimensional (2D) approach. Eighty participants were assigned to each experimental condition: 2D cross‐sectional visualization vs. 3D volumetric visualization. Both groups were matched for age, gender, visual‐spatial ability, and previous knowledge of neuroanatomy. Accuracy in identifying brain structures, execution time, and level of confidence in the response were taken as outcome measures. Moreover, interactive effects between the experimental conditions (2D vs. 3D) and factors such as level of competence (novice vs. expert), image modality (morphological and functional), and difficulty of the structures were analyzed. The percentage of correct answers (hit rate) and level of confidence in responses were significantly higher in the 3D visualization condition than in the 2D. In addition, the response time was significantly lower for the 3D visualization condition in comparison with the 2D. The interaction between the experimental condition (2D vs. 3D) and difficulty was significant, and the 3D condition facilitated the location of difficult images more than the 2D condition. 3D volumetric visualization helps to identify brain structures such as the hippocampus and amygdala, more accurately and rapidly than conventional 2D visualization. This paper discusses the implications of these results with regards to the learning process involved in neuroimaging interpretation. Anat Sci Educ.

Morphological and Volumetric Assessment of Cerebral Ventricular System with 3D Slicer Software

We present a technological process based on the 3D Slicer software for the three-dimensional study of the brain’s ventricular system with teaching purposes. It values the morphology of this complex brain structure, as a whole and in any spatial position, being able to compare it with pathological studies, where its anatomy visibly changes. 3D Slicer was also used to obtain volumetric measurements in order to provide a more comprehensive and detail representation of the ventricular system. We assess the potential this software has for processing high resolution images, taken from Magnetic Resonance and generate the three-dimensional reconstruction of ventricular system.

Augmented reality techniques, using mobile devices, for learning human anatomy

We present a technological tool we developed under a portable environment by taking a specific fixed image from an anatomy atlas and visualizing it as a three dimensional and dynamic model; an enrichment of the anatomical image and an important aid in the student learning process. The system consists of an augmented reality library called Vuforia. After the images were scanned, they were stored in a database. The three dimensional models seen are created with Unity3D and Maya. The system allows Android and iOS platforms. The use of these mobile devices will allow managing the knowledge for students, developing new ways of teaching innovation and improving the quality of the academic process. These applications encourage student learning, promoting a more interactive attention. There is no doubt that smartphones and tablets are an additional teaching resource nowadays, they enrich and facilitate the transmission of educational contents in health science, specifically in the field of Human Anatomy.

Computer Applications in Health Science Education

In recent years, computer application development has experienced exponential growth, not only in the number of publications but also in the scope or contexts that have benefited from its use. In health science training, and medicine specifically, the gradual incorporation of technological developments has transformed the teaching and learning process, resulting in true “educational technology”. The goal of this paper is to review the main features involved in these applications and highlight the main lines of research for the future. The results of peer reviewed literature published recently indicate the following features shared by the key technological developments in the field of health science education: first, development of simulation and visualization systems for a more complete and realistic representation of learning material over traditional paper format; second, portability and versatility of the applications, adapted for an increasing number of devices and operative systems; third, increasing focus on open source applications such as Massive Open Online Course (MOOC).

Digital Environment for Movement Control in Surgical Skill Training

Intelligent environments are increasingly becoming useful scenarios for handling computers. Technological devices are practical tools for learning and acquiring clinical skills as part of the medical training process. Within the framework of the advanced user interface, we present a technological application using Leap Motion, to enhance interaction with the user in the process of a laparoscopic surgical intervention and integrate the navigation through augmented reality images using manual gestures. Thus, we intend to achieve a more natural interaction with the objects that participate in a surgical intervention, which are augmented and related to the user’s hand movements.

Analysis of the oculus rift device as a technological resource in medical training through clinical practice

We present a virtual environment for three-dimensional visualization of a hospital operating room, through stereoscopic rendering, using the Oculus Rift headset with a wide field of vision. The application developed allows immersion into an artificial situation where the user can perceive the virtual experience created by the system as real. The system enables the training and familiarization with the different operating room devices and monitors, as well as with the equipment installed. Therefore, an effective training is accomplished as practice for the real situation the user will face.

Computed anatomical modelling of the optic pathway and oculomotor system using magnetic resonance imaging

This study presents a computer-based tool for three-dimensional (3D) visualization of the optic pathway and oculomotor system using 3D high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) datasets from a healthy subject. The 3D models were built as wireframe grids co-registered with MRI sections. First, 3D anatomical models were generated of the visual pathway from the eyeball to the primary visual cortex and of the cranial oculomotor nerves from the brain stem to the extrinsic eye muscles. Second, a graphical user interface allowed individual and group visualization, translation, rotation and zooming of the 3D models in different spatial positions simultaneously with MRI orthogonal cut planes. Educational and clinical applications are also discussed.

Practical applications of movement control technology in the acquisition of clinical skills

Intelligent environments are increasingly becoming useful scenarios for handling computers. Technological devices are practical tools for learning and acquiring clinical skills as part of the medical training process. Within the framework of the advanced user interface, we present a technological application using Leap Motion, to enhance interaction with the user in the process of a laparoscopic surgical intervention and integrate the navigation through augmented reality images using manual gestures. Thus, we intend to achieve a more natural interaction with the objects that participate in a surgical intervention, which are augmented and related to the users hand movements.

Prevalence and profile of alcohol consumption among university students in Ecuador

OBJECTIVE Alcohol consumption is one of the main health and social problems in Ecuador. The aim of this study was to explore gender differences in the prevalence and psychosocial profile of problematic consumers among university students. METHOD We surveyed 3,232 students by using the AUDIT and psychosocial scales. To discriminate the explanatory value of each variable, a CHAID segmentation analysis was used. RESULTS The prevalence of alcohol consumption was 92.24% in men and 82.86% in women. In total, 49.73% of men and 23.80% of women reported problematic consumption. In men, the profile of problematic consumption was defined by higher scores in anxiety and depression, especially if they showed higher levels of psychological stress and lower life engagement. In women, problematic consumption showed a tendency towards psychological inflexibility, especially in those with lower life engagement. CONCLUSION There is a need to prioritise attention to alcohol consumption in university students and to design different interventions for men and women.

Computer-Based Visualization System for the Study of Deep Brain Structures Involved in Parkinson's Disease

Parkinson’s Disease is characterized by alterations in deep brain structures and pathways involved in movement control. However, the understanding of neuroanatomy and spatial relationships of deep brain structures remains a challenge for medical students. Recent developments in information technology may help provide new instructional material that addresses this problem. This paper aims to develop an interactive and digital tool to enhance the study of the anatomical and functional neurological basis involved in Parkinson’s Disease. This tool allows the organization and exploration of complex neuroanatomical contents related with Parkinson’s Disease in an attractive and interactive way. Educational implications of this tool are analyzed.