Paloma Cantó

Piornales, enebrales y pinares oromediterráneos (Pino-Cytision oromediterranei) en el Sistema Central

Se revisan fitosociologicamente los bosques y matorrales oromediterraneos del Sistema Central pertenecientes a la alianza Pino-Cytision oromediterranei . Un suborden, una asociacion y seis subasociaciones se proponen como nuevos: Juniperenalia nanae, Echinosparto pulviniformis-Cytisetum oromediterranei, Cytiso-Echinospartetum barnadesii ericetsoum arboreae, Junipero-Cytisetum oromediterranei adenocarpetosum hispanici, arctostaphylletosum crassifoliae, ericetosum aragonensis, genistetosum cinerascentis y populetosum tremulae . Asimismo, se proponen diversas correcciones nomenclaturales y se tipifican los principales sintaxones de la clase. Por ultimo, se presenta un esquema sintaxonomico de la misma en la Peninsula Iberica hasta el nivel de asociacion, con la diagnosis biogeografica, ecologica y floristica de los sintaxones de rango superior. Finalmente, en el apendice floristico se proponen tres nuevas combinaciones nomenclaturales: Echinospartum ibericum Rivas-Martinez, Sanchez-Mata & Sancho, E. ibericum subsp. pulviniformis (Rivas-Martinez) Rivas-Martinez y Thymus praecox Opiz subsp. penyalarensis (Pau) Rivas-Martinez, Fernandez-Gonzalez & Sanchez-Mata.

Distribution and taxonomic significance of alkaloids in the Genista cinerea agregat

Abstract The alkaloid pattern of the Genista cinerea agregat was investigated by GC and GC-MS. At least 15 alkaloids were found in G. cinerascens , 20 alkaloids in G. majorica and 16 alkaloids in G. cinerea ssp. ausetana . Twigs of G. cinerascens contained the α-pyridone alkaloids cytisine and anagyrine as main compounds, whereas lupanine, 13-hydroxylupanine and the ester alkaloids 13-tigloyloxylupanine and 13-benzoyloxylupanine were found as predominant constituents in twigs of G. majorica and the different subspecies of G. cinerea . Investigations of seeds, pods, fruits and flowers confirmed the alkaloid pattern found in twigs. The alkaloid data give no support for a close affinity between G. cinerascens and the other two species of the agregat, G. majorica and G. cinerea .

Datos sobre la vegetación de las Sierras de Guadarrama y Malagón

Se revisan los sintaxones representados en la Sierra de Malagon y sector occidental de la Sierra de Guadarrama pertenecientes a las clases: Pino-Juniperetea, Cytisetea scopario-striati, Cisto-Lavanduletea y Sedo-Scleranthetea . Se describen un orden, una alianza, tres asociaciones y cinco subasociaciones, asimismo se proponen dos combinaciones sintaxonomicas.

Ester alkaloids of Genista cinerea subspecies Cinerea

Abstract Two ester alkaloids, cineverine and a new compound, for which we suggest the name cineroctine, were isolated from twigs of Genista cinerea subsp. cinerea . Their structures were determined by spectroscopic methods to be 13α-(3′, 4′-dimethoxybenzoyl)oxylupanine (cineverine) and 13α-(3-hydroxy- cis -oct-5-enoyl)oxylupanine (cineroctine), 13- O -axial derivatives of lupanine. The distribution of these ester alkaloids amongst the different species of the section Spartioides of the genus Genista is recorded.

A CHEMICAL DICHOTOMY IN QUINOLIZIDINE ALKALOID ACCUMULATION WITHIN THE SECTION SPARTIOIDES OF THE GENUS GENISTA (FABACEAE: GENISTEAE)

Abstract A previous study had revealed unexpected differences in the alkaloid profiles within the Genista cinerea aggregate belonging to the section Spartioides . Extending these analyses the alkaloid patterns of 10 further species of the section Spartioides were investigated. At least 31 alkaloids were detected by GC and GC-MS. A chemical dichotomy was demonstrated for the species of the section Spartioides : one group of species contained the α-pyridone alkaloids cytisine, N -methylcytisine and anagyrine as major alkaloids, while the other group contained lupanine, 13-hydroxylupanine and its esters as main compounds. The alkaloidal data do not support the actual concept of the section Spartioides .

Alkaloids of Adenocarpus hispanicus (Lam.) DC Varieties

Alkaloid extracts from different organs of Adenocarpus hispanicus ssp. hispanicus and Adenocarpus hispanicus ssp. gredensis were analyzed by capillary GC. Twenty-four compounds could be identified by the high sensitive method of GLC-MS: the pyrrolizidine alkaloids decorticasine, N-acetylnorloline and N-butyrylnorloline, the bipiperidyl alkaloid ammodendrine, the phenylethylamine tyramine and 19 quinolizidine alkaloids. In contrast to Adenocarpus complicatus, Adenocarpus foliolosus and Adenocarpus viscosus the alkaloid pattern of Adenocarpus hispanicus is characterized by the occurrence of quinolizidine alkaloids with sparteine predominating in the leaves and numerous dehydroderivatives of sparteine. Remarkable is the total absence of adenocarpine which was described as a main compound of the three former species. Our results strongly support the opinion that the genus Adenocarpus should be divided into two phytochemical groups.

LINE-SCATTER PLOTS IN CHEMOTAXONOMY OF GENISTA L. SECTION SPARTIOIDES SPACH IN WESTERN EUROPE

Abstract Isoflavone patterns of Genista species from the section Spartioides in west Europe were reported. Orobol-8- C -glucoside, isoprunetin-7- O -glucoside, genistein-8- C -glucoside, genistein-6- C -glucoside, genistein-7- O -glucoside and a further, unknown isoflavone glycoside were detected in different amounts and proportions in most of the analysed Genista species. Line-scatter plots were developed to visualise the chemotaxonomic significance of the detected isoflavone glycosides. With these plots the influence of up to six characters could be demonstrated in one diagram. Line-scatter plots fill a gap between the widely used scatter plots and graphical presentations based on multivariate analysis of a large number of characters. The isoflavone patterns of the Genista specimens presented in line-scatter plots showed small intraspecific variation compared to their interspecific variation. In Genista chemotaxonomy, isoflavone patterns are useful additional characters on the species and partly on the subspecies level. This was confirmed in discriminant analysis. Together with other chemotaxonomic data (quinolizidine alkaloids), morphological, cytological, biogeographical and phytosociological characters, isoflavone patterns provided data for a species concept within the section. Further-more, the proposed subdivision of the section into the subsections Chamaespartum and Spartioides was supported by the clear differences of their isoflavone patterns. Isoflavones allowed a more detailed subdivision of the section Spartioides than alkaloid data.

Revisión de Genista L. sect. Spartioides Spach en la Península Ibérica y Baleares

Tras la revision de Genista L. sect. Spartioides Spach en la Peninsula Iberica y Baleares, realizada fundamentalmente basandonos en estudios morfologicos, fitosociologicos y biogeograficos y apoyada por datos fitoquimicos (alcaloides y flavonoides) y cariologicos, concluimos que en la Peninsula Iberica y Baleares la seccion Spartioides debe ser escindida en dos subsecciones: subsect. Spartioides y subsct. Chamaespartum (Spach) stat. nov. En la primera se reconocen dos grupos: serie Spartioides y serie Floridae nova. De cada una de las especies y subespecies se indica su citacion completa, sinonimos, iconografia, tipos, ecologia, bioclima, fitosociologia, diagnosis corologica y mapa de distribucion. Lectotipificamos Spartium valentinum Willd., Genista obtusiramea Spach, G. teretifolia Willk. y G. pseudopilosa Cosson. Tambien presentamos claves para las especies y las subespecies.

Cytisus oromediterraneus y Cytisus balansae (Cytiseae, Leguminosae) dos especies europeas

Por sus caracteres morfologicos, ecologia y biogeografia se aceptan cuatro taxones en el seno de este grupo de Cytisus ; dos en Europa: Cytisus oromediterraneus y Cytisus balansae subsp. nevadensis y otros dos en las montanas del Norte de Africa: Cytisus balansae subsp. balansae y Cytisus balansae subsp. atlanticus .

Datos sobre la vegetación del valle del río Bidasoa (España)

Se hace una descripcion de las cinco series de vegetacion que constituyen el paisaje vegetal de la cuenca del rio Bidasoa en Navarra (norte de Espana) y se aportan tablas fitosociologicas de las comunidades que representan la etapa madura de cada serie asi como una tabla de los brezale sdel territorio. Se describen en ellas dos nuevas subasociaciones Polytricho setiferi-Fraxinetum excelsioris carpinetosum betuli y Tamo communis-Quercetum roboris fagetosum sylvticae .