Paola de Salvo

Verso modelli di governo urbano sostenibile e solidale: il caso Cittaslow in Emilia-Romagna

This article assumes that quality of urban life, collective well-being and social capital can be competitive factors in local development, in particular for minor territories. The authors introduce the case of Cittaslow as a model characterized by a concept of living, producing and consuming based on slow qualities instead of a continuous growth. After that, they present a study on Emilia-Romagna Cittaslow members, with attention to the reasons for their joining and the degree of coherence between their implemented projects and the membership requirements.

Value for Time: Slowness, a Positive Way of Performing Tourism

Slowness involves a redefinition of existing touristic operations which are increasingly influenced by the tourist’s heightened sense of responsibility towards the environment and the search for a quality experience (Dickinson JE, Les Lumsdon: Slow travel and tourism. Earthscan, London, 2010, Fullagar S, Markwell K, Wilson E: Slow tourism. Experience and mobilities. Channel View Publications, Bristol, 2012). The new cultural and behavioral model of slowness implies a fundamental change in the concept of the consumption of goods and services, with the concept of lifestyle being characterized by commitment, a strong sense of responsibility and the search for wellbeing in both life and work. The slow philosophy should not be interpreted as a temporary phenomenon, but rather as a life philosophy and a worldwide social movement that in recent years has characterized many socio-economic elements in local communities (Parkins W, Craig G: Slow living. Berg, Oxford, 2006). The characterizing theme of the paper is that QoL, collective well-being, cultural enrichment and slowness could become competitive factors in local development policies with particular reference to minor territories. The aim of the present work is to analyse how some minor areas, which some studies have defined as “slow territories,” (Lancerini E: Territorio 34:9–15, 2005; Lanzani A: Territorio 34:19–36, 2005; Calzati V: Territori lenti: nuove traiettorie di sviluppo. In: Nocifora, E, de Salvo P, Calzati (eds), Territori lenti e turismo di qualita, prospettive innovative per lo sviluppo di un turismo sostenibile. Franco Angeli, Milano, pp 62–72, 2011; Calzati V, de Salvo P: Slow tourism: a new concept of sustainability, consumption and quality of life. In M. Clancy (ed), Slow tourism, food and cities: pace and the search for the good life. Routledge, London, 2012), are identifiable as locations able to promote a tourism of diversified typologies which are difficult to standardise (Savoja L: Turismo lento e turisti responsabili. Verso una nuova concezione di consume. In: Nocifora P, de Salvo E, Calzati V (eds), Territori lenti e turismo di qualita. Prospettive innovative per lo sviluppo di un turismo sostenibile. Franco Angeli, Milano, pp 86–99, 2011) in line with the new tendencies of slow tourism. In fact, such territories are characterized by a high quality of life, an elevated attention to the environment and landscape, to art and quality local products as well as offering a hospitable local community. These qualities of such zones appear to indicate that they are more capable, than other areas, of instigating itineraries orientated to achieving touristic development of a high quality and a sustainable nature. The paper presents a project of local touristic development carried out in Italy, in the Umbrian-Marche Apennine territory, with particular reference to Value for Time certification as applied to various accommodation structures in the territory. Value for Time identifies an area and the structures present in it, distinguishing them from their competitors and is a synthesis of objective values, together with cognitive and emotional elements with reference to the territory. Value for Time certification considers four main areas: People, Administration, Sustainability and Territory and aims to establish a reputation, offering added value to all components of the area and enhancing its cultural, social and economic identity.

Agricoltura sociale e detenzione: l’esperienza della Cooperativa 153 nella casa circondariale Capanne di Perugia

Nell’ultimo decennio numerosi studi hanno evidenziato la relazione dell’agricoltura con l’ambiente, con altri settori dell’economia e con la societa. Queste nuove relazioni hanno attribuito all’agricoltura un diverso e piu ampio ruolo rispetto a quello tradizionale. In particolare si indica infatti nella multifunzionalita la capacita dell’agricoltura di rispondere alle rinnovate esigenze/bisogni della societa e dei consumatori. Il presente lavoro, dopo avere individuato i caratteri e gli aspetti definitori dell’agricoltura sociale si sofferma in particolare sul ruolo riabilitativo del lavoro agricolo per le persone private della liberta personale, individuandolo quale possibilita utile a migliorarne la qualita della vita e a promuoverne il futuro inserimento sociale e lavorativo. Il lavoro presenta il caso di studio della Cooperativa sociale 153, che ha creato un’impresa sociale per la gestione e valorizzazione dell’azienda agricola della casa circondariale di Perugia, Capanne.

Do Reputation Concerns Make Behavioral Biases Disappear? The Conjunction Fallacy on Facebook and Mechanical Turk

This paper reports the results of experiments designed to test whether individuals interacting on Facebook are more likely to succumb to the conjunction fallacy when they post their answers publicly and are exposed to the answers of others. Using the experimental design in Kahneman and Tversky (1983), we find that the proportion of individuals violating the conjunction rule on Facebook is substantially lower than that reported by previous experiments conducted in the lab, regardless of whether responses are public or private. When responses are posted in a public form, however, the partic- ipation rate is substantially higher. The violation rate on Facebook is also significantly lower than the rate of violation from the same experiment run on Mechanical Turk, a popular online labor market, with monetary incentives. Adding a bonus for the correct answer reduces the violation rate on Mechanical Turk when answers are private, but not when they are public, suggesting that peer effects may indeed counteract the effect of monetary incentives. Our experiment casts doubts about the robustness of behavioral biases for the understanding of real life decisions in environments in which interaction is not anonymous and people are reputation conscious, and suggests the power of social networks to mitigate their effects

Il ruolo delle certificazioni territoriali nello sviluppo turistico dei territori minori: Piemonte, Umbria e Sicilia a confronto

Gli autori dopo avere realizzato una mappatura, in Piemonte, Umbria e Sicilia, delle certificazioni territoriali rilasciate dalle associazioni aderenti a Res Tipica, hanno effettuato un’analisi comparata delle loro finalita statutarie. L’analisi ha permesso di individuare tre aree obiettivo, utili a comprendere l’orientamento degli amministratori locali rispetto alle risorse territoriali da valorizzare, evidenziando come le certificazioni territoriali possano contribuire a determinare innovativi percorsi di sviluppo turistico locale. Parole chiave: territori minori, certificazioni territoriali, sviluppo locale, reti d’identita, qualita, Res Tipica.

Public policy and models for integrated territorial tourism development: the Italian case of the region of Umbria

En Espana el sector turistico ha desempenado un rol importante, desde la crisis financiera e inmobiliaria de 2008 es uno de los sectores que ha mostrado mejor comportamiento, es por ello que se ha de incidir en mejorar la competitividad turistica de las provincias espanolas y aprovechar asi la contribucion del turismo. Hemos seleccionado para este analisis las provincias del Mediterraneo por ser las que mayor cuota turistica acumulan respecto al conjunto nacional, y por sus caracteristicas comunes en el ambito turistico. La manera de analizar y posteriormente sugerir propuestas para mejorar la competitividad de los destinos turisticos del Mediterraneo, analizar a continuacion las valores de los indicadores que representan la competitividad de los destinos, para luego valorar mediante un panel de expertos la importancia de los factores en cada destino, y finalmente, sugerir actuaciones para aumentar la competitividad. ABSTRACT In Spain tourism sector has had a relevant role since financial and real state crisis in 2008, tourism is one of the few sectors that has helped to economic recovery and it is improving it performance year a year, so tourism competitiveness in the Spanish provinces must be enhanced taking advantage of the tourism good behavior. We have selected the Mediterranean area provinces because of their mayor acummulated tourism share above national, and because of their similar characteristics. The way of improving competitiveness, then to analyze the provinces which have worst performance on the indicators that form the factors, next to asses the factor importance through and expert panel, and finally to recommend actions for improving competitivenessNumerosos estudios han demostrado que las redes sociales influyen en las intenciones de los viajeros de visitar un destino. Sin embargo, la literatura ha prestado poca atencion a la relacion entre el comportamiento de busqueda de informacion y el desarrollo de la fidelidad a los destinos. En este sentido, este estudio analiza este fenomeno, considerando como los turistas no solo comparten su tiempo entre varias fuentes de informacion, sino que estas estan tambien influyendo en el tiempo que los turistas estan compartiendo entre varios destinos, no solo repitiendo la visita a un unico destino, sino tambien haciendose mas fieles a multiples destinos al mismo tiempo (fidelidad horizontal). Sin embargo, este tema no se ha destacado adecuadamente en el contexto turistico. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de este estudio es doble: 1) comprender mejor el comportamiento del turista con respecto al uso de las redes sociales, considerando las diferencias por nacionalidades, genero y edad; y 2) explorar la relacion entre el uso de las diferentes fuentes de informacion de los turistas (tradicionales y digitales) y su influencia en la posterior fidelidad (tanto a un solo destino como en la fidelidad horizontal), y considerando tanto la fidelidad conductual como la actitudinal. Estos resultados son utiles para tomar decisiones sobre estrategias de comunicacion digital y la gestion de los programas de fidelizacion por parte de los destinos turisticos. Palabras clave : Fidelidad Horizontal, Marketing Relacional, Fuentes de Informacion, Redes Sociales, Imagen ABSTRACT The visit to a tourist destination is influenced by the tourists use of social media. However, the literature has not focused its efforts on trying to understand the relationship between the use of social media and destinations loyalty. This study analyzes this phenomenon, considering how tourists not only share their time between several sources of information, but these are also influencing the time that the tourists are sharing between several destinations, not only repeating the visit to a single destination, but also becoming more loyal to multiple destinations at the same time (horizontal loyalty). However, this topic has not been adequately highlighted in the tourism context. This study tries to analyze the differences in the use of social media by nationalities, gender, age and income; and to shed light on their relationship with loyalty. These results are useful for making decisions about digital communication strategies and the management of loyalty programs by tourist destinations. Keywords : Horizontal Loyalty, Relationship Marketing, Information Sources, Social Media, ImageActualmente, los destinos de sol y playa afrontan la necesidad de renovacion y, en el Partido de Necochea, Argentina, se elaboro el Plan Estrategico de Turismo Sustentable de Necochea para responder a esta necesidad. La implementacion requiere analizar y evaluar de modo pragmatico y programatico las intervenciones territoriales para alcanzar las estrategias definidas de reposicionamiento. El articulo propone identificar las unidades de gestion del espacio, los modelos de intervencion para un escenario estrategico que contribuya a la gestion sustentable y reorientacion turistica y proporcionar bases para la reestructuracion territorial como eje transversal de politica publica ambiental y turistica. Para ello, respecto de la unidades se delimita el espacio turistico en funcion de las particularidades fisico-espaciales, los recursos turisticos y oportunidades recreativas y las disfuncionalidades o problematicas detectadas. Luego, se definen los contenidos concretos de los tipos de intervencion propuestos que reorienten la renovacion. Y por ultimo, se enuncian las bases para las actuaciones de reestructuracion territorial en funcion de un escenario estrategico. La renovacion ambiental de Necochea debe basarse en estrategias conducentes a la cualificacion del espacio turistico, la diferenciacion basada en la naturaleza, la potenciacion del entorno urbano y la inclusion de lo ambiental en la gestion turistica.