Paramet Wirasanti

Communication strategy for grid control and monitoring of distributed generators in Smart Grids using IEC and IEEE standards

Distributed generators (DGs) in Smart Grids should actively participate in the grid control of active power (P), reactive power (Q), frequency (f), and voltage (U) through their grid interfaces, namely inverters. As these DGs are joining the existing conventional power systems and for smooth transition towards Smart Grids, these DGs must follow the existing grid control, which is used by the UCTE. However, standard communication between utilities controllers and inverters is needed for the grid control and for the exchange of power. Therefore, a strategy is proposed depending on the UCTE grid control by clustering the secondary control using international communication standards. De facto, proprietary and standard protocols are investigated for this purpose. Then, logical nodes needed for primary and secondary grid control are adopted from the IEC 61850 that ensures interoperability. For communication, standard legacy SCADA protocols IEEE P1815 (DNP3) and IEC 60870-5-104 are proposed, which introduce standard communication mechanism.

Integration of distributed energy resources in the grid by applying international standards to the inverter as a multifunctional grid interface

Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) are rapidly penetrating in power systems including their accompanying software and hardware (SW/HW) systems that are also distributed and related to different manufacturers and owners. Information integration and interoperability are two problems in distributed systems. This paper presents a comparison between the available integration middleware and standards for inter-application interoperability of distributed SW/HW systems accompanying DERs such as Common Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA), Web Services, multiagent systems (MASs), and recently IEC 61850. In addition, the paper shows the possibility of mapping the information objects of IEC 61850 to the data objects of legacy SCADA protocols for physical control and integration of DERs interfaces, namely inverters, into the future Smart Grid over IP-based networks, to achieve inter-device and device-to-application interoperability. Moreover, billing functionality can be added to the inverter to count for injected power into the Smart Grid, and hence the inverter has business-related functions.

3-phase 4-wire hybrid calculation - analysis method for clustering power systems philosophy

Clustering power systems approach has been recently introduced as a strategy for power systems automation - smart grid. The key concept of clustering power systems approach is to extend the system structure and the control approach of transmission level down to distribution level. Hence, a cluster network structure and a downsizing of conventional control function to distribution level are researched. Consequently, this paper is targeted on cluster power flow analysis, which is a part of downsizing tertiary control function. However, there is a complexity of cluster analysis due to the flexibility adaptation of cluster network. To overcome this issue, a decoupling analysis approach for each cluster area is required. Based on previous investigations, a hybrid calculation is pointed out as a key technique for the decoupling analysis. Nevertheless, to execute power flow analysis in distribution level, an asymmetrical condition, e.g. single phase loads and mixed feed-in, cannot be ignored. Furthermore, an analysis of neutral wire is important regarding protection standard on IEC 60364-1 in low voltage level. The neutral wire analysis is also one of the indicators to observe power balanced condition. Thus, a three-phase four-wire power flow analysis based on hybrid calculation is proposed in this paper. To guarantee, the proposed method is verified by comparing the results with the DIgSILENT PowerFactory program. In addition, the proposed method can be utilized not only for the clustering power systems analysis but also for the general purpose power flow analysis.