Pardeep Kaur

Investigation of short channel effects in Bulk MOSFET and SOI FinFET at 20nm node technology

The need to control the short channel effects in transistor that occurs in nanometer regime has caused the invention of multi gate transistors over planar bulk transistors in order to improve the performance. In this research paper the 3D model of SOI FinFET and Bulk MOSFET at 20nm node technology is designed and their transfer characteristics, drain characteristics and short channel effects are reported. The OFF state leakage current, DIBL, and threshold voltage of SOI FinFET and bulk MOSFET has been calculated. The simulation is performed using TCAD simulator. The simulation results has shown that the OFF state leakage current is less in FinFET as compared to bulk MOSFET and the Ion in SOI FinFET is higher than that of bulk MOSFET. The DIBL of bulk MOSFET is found to be 2.57 times more than that of SOI FINFET, so SOI FinFET has shown reduction in short channel effects as compared to bulk MOSFET at 20nm gate length. GIDL is also examined in both devices. The drain current of SOI FinFET at Vgs= 0.1V is observed higher than that of bulk MOSFET.

Multibeam WDM-FSO System: An Optimum Solution for Clear and Hazy Weather Conditions

Free space optics has revolutionized the telecom industry through its exquisite data transfer capability and cost effectiveness. It proves out to be an excellent solution to the last mile problem and arduous digging of grounds for laying fiber optic cables. But atmospheric turbulences and obscure weather conditions limit the extensive use of this technology. This paper analyses the use of multibeam technology in enduring the effect of hazy weather on the FSO link by comparing it with the single beam technology. The results obtained from the multibeam system for clear and hazy weather conditions have been validated by using MATLAB codes.

Long Range Cost-Effective WDM-FSO System Using Hybrid Optical Amplifiers

Free space optics (FSO) is a capable key which offers high data rate, more secure and cost effective system to other conventional communication systems. Although it is a first and last mile preference to other setups but still lags in a variety of scenarios. The main limitation of FSO is seen in worse weather conditions where it suffers highest attenuation in transmitted signal. The weather which affects the transmission most are rain and haze due to which the received signal fades away and the signal to noise ratio diminishes which violates the characteristics of an ideal FSO link system. In this paper, wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) is used to enhance the signal power with the use of optical amplifiers so that a better signal could be obtained at the receiver. A WDM-FSO system using hybrid configurations of optical amplifiers is proposed which provides a promising solution for low cost and highly efficient systems.

Performance Enhancement in WDM-FSO System Using Optical Amplifiers Under Different Rain Conditions

Free Space Optics (FSO) is gaining huge market due to its numerous advantages as compared to other communication networks. But the main drawback is attenuation caused by weather conditions. In this paper, different configurable arrangements of optical amplifiers in FSO have been analysed to get optimum performance for 2.5 Gbps data rate with 35 dB power level of laser for three rain conditions. The pre-existing system is compared with the proposed system and the results are analysed. It is noticed that the proposed system is more efficient both in performance and cost.

Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting: A Developing Scope for Low-Power Applications

The area of energy harvesting using vibration sources has attracted numerous researchers over the past few years. It has a great potential to have extended lifetime of low-power devices such as wireless sensors, portable devices, and wearable devices. The wireless devices in today’s date require batteries which have a limited lifetime and needs to be replaced with time. In case of wireless sensors that work in harsh environment, it is nearly impossible to replace batteries. The concept of energy harvesting aims to develop devices that do not require replaceable batteries. This is done by converting available energy from the environment into electrical energy to power wireless devices. This paper is focused on piezoelectric energy harvesting. First, different approaches to harvest energy have been discussed in brief. After that piezoelectric energy harvesting has been discussed in detail. Different components of piezoelectric energy harvesting circuit namely transducers, rectifiers, and storage devices have been discussed.

Recent Advances in MAC Protocols for the Energy Harvesting Based WSN: A Comprehensive Review

Wireless sensor networks are catching the attention of the researchers in various fields like structural, healthcare monitoring, but the real world adoption is getting difficult due to its dependence on the battery power, so energy harvesting comes to its rescue. To utilize the harvested energy in the best manner, MAC protocols which control the transreceiver in a node are presented here. They are different from the battery powered WSN where the focus is on increasing the lifetime of the nodes, rather these protocols focus on improving the quality of the network. With optimal tradeoff between the infinite network lifetime and energy availability, MAC protocols need to be redesigned for energy harvesting based wireless sensor networks (EHWSN). In this paper first EH technology in wireless sensor networks is discussed. Then a survey of EH based MAC protocols is done in a classified manner. The comparison of the protocols is done based on the different metrics such as energy conservation factor, scalability, latency etc. State of the art literature survey is presented so that users have consolidated data to pick up the one based on their application requirement. Challenges specific to applications is presented along with the various gaps to give an insight into the future research directions. To the best of the author’s knowledge, review of all the EHWSN MAC protocols is not reported till date.

Data Traffic Modeling of ML-MAC for Wireless Sensor Networks

Wireless sensors collect the data and transmit it to the base station through a network of nodes. The flow of data through the network can also be termed as traffic flow. The nature of traffic flow in a network depends upon application for which network is designed. Modeling traffic flow for a wireless sensor network (WSN) is as important as designing the MAC or routing protocol. In fact, estimating the flow of expected traffic is a prerequisite of designing a protocol. Efficient estimation of traffic flow helps in determining resource requirements. Overestimation and underestimation of the traffic pattern and flow can lead to wastage or exhaustion of resources. Medium access control (MAC) protocol is responsible for shared access of media among nodes. Poisson distribution is used for shaping of traffic for multilayer MAC (ML-MAC). This paper proposes another traffic profiles such as Pareto and generalized Pareto distribution (GPD) for ML-MAC which are more realistic than Poisson. Further, it simulates ML-MAC for the proposed traffic models. Finally, this paper compares the results in terms of energy consumption and average delay. The results are further justified and concluded by providing supporting applications.

Performance Enhancement of Point-to-Point FSO System under Rain Weather Conditions

FSO (free-space optics) is a new technology used to solve last mile problem in point-to-point communication. As name indicated, FSO link is a seamless communication link using air as a medium for transmission of optical information. For successful transmission, medium should be free of attenuation caused by different weather conditions like rain, haze, fog. In this paper, analysis of FSO systems has been done using two 32-channel WDM systems and then compared at a constant data rate of 2.5 Gbps. The system with single laser outperforms the system employing an array of 32 CW lasers in terms of link distance under different rain conditions.

Performance Analysis of Multibeam WDM-FSO System in Clear and Hazy Weather Conditions

Free space optics has proved out to be an exalted technique for fast and cost-effective information exchange. Proficient in removing bandwidth limitation, it also solves the last mile problem. But as air is used as medium, it suffers from atmospheric effects which limit its achievable link distance. In this paper, a system is proposed to increase the maximum link range under different weather conditions and results have been compared with those of the previously existing system.